“The Great War for Empire” The French & Indian War (1754 to 1763) “The Great War for Empire” Chapter 5, Section 1

North America in 1750

1754  The First Clash Ohio Valley British French Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne

1754  Albany Congress Albany Plan of Union: FAILED British Colonists Iroquois: no alliance Albany Plan of Union: FAILED

1755  British/French Conflicts General Braddock Goal: OH Valley (Fort Duquesne) Failed Braddock killed

1756  War Formally Declared! Seven Years’ War Lord Loudouin Marquis de Montcalm Other failures Fort Oswego (Lake Ontario) Fort William Henry (Lake George)

British-American Colonial Tensions Colonists British Methods of Fighting: Native American guerilla tactics March in formation / bayonet charge Military Organization: Militias with own captains British officers wanted to command Military Discipline: No deference or protocols Drills & tough discipline Finances: Resistance to rising taxes Colonists should pay for their own defense Demeanor: Casual, non-professionals Formal, officers, servants

1757  William Pitt: Foreign Prime Minister Understood colonial concerns Offered compromise: - Loyalty & cooperation  Financial reimbursement - Lord Loudouin  James Wolfe RESULT?  Increased morale  New phase in war

1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England

1763  Treaty of Paris France: LOST  Canada Most of empire in India Lands east of Mississippi River Spain: GAINED  Fr. lands west of Mississippi New Orleans LOST  Florida to England

1763  Treaty of Paris England: GAINED  Canada, Fr. lands east of Mississippi, Florida Exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade Commercial dominance in India

North America in 1750

North America in 1763

Why was 1763 a "turning point" in British-Colonial relationships???