America’s Changing Population 1820-1860
The American Population The population in the US in the early 1800s was characterized by three things: 1. there was a rapid increase in the number of people in the US 2. more people were moving to the cities from rural areas 3. many people were moving westward 4 million in US 1790 17 million in US 1840
Improvements in public health High birth rate Immigration The US was growing due to … Improvements in public health * Better food, less disease = Longer life High birth rate * Average of 6-7 children per family Immigration * Job opportunities * Problems in Europe
The growth of cities increased dramatically from 1800-1860. New York (around 1 million) Philadelphia (600,000) Boston (200,000) St. Louis, Pittsburg, Cincinnati were ports located along the Mississippi River The growth of cities increased dramatically from 1800-1860. Major cities included…
Ireland Germany! Immigration came from all over… England France Italy Poland Holland The Irish (around 45% of immigrants in 1850) came because of the “potato famine” in Ireland that led to starvation and disease The Germans came because of poverty and political revolution The majority of immigrants came from Ireland and Germany!
Rise of Nativism * Cheap labor source *Politicians wanted immigrant votes * Investors wanted to expand the west (buy land, goods) Pro - Immigrant * Claimed immigrants were “inferior” to native-born * Feared corruption of traditional “American” beliefs Anti –
Nativist Political Parties Native American Began in 1837 Based on anti- immigration attitude (nativism) Know-Nothings Officially the “Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner” (nativism) Known as “Know-Nothings” American Party Know-Nothings created the American Party in 1852 Were very politically successful in the Northeast