The Civil Rights Movement 1945-1970 Chapter 21

Beginnings Segregation was a way of life WWII Needed laborers Jackie Robinson NAACP pushes harder to end segregation

Whites Only Waiting Room

Jackie Robinson

Larry Doby

Ending Segregation Begin with the schools 10x as much on white kids Thurgood Marshall heads the group Wins 29/32 cases in Supreme Court Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Repeals Plessy v. Ferguson

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Reaction Schools resist Eisenhower orders it done quickly in 1955 Little Rock forces his hand (1957) Central High School in Little Rock The Little Rock Nine Governor refuses to desegregate

School Desegregation Little Rock Nine

1962

Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white man. Boycotted city busses for almost 1 year Martin Luther King was selected to head the boycott.

Cont’d White Citizens Council formed Supreme Court rules segregation on buses was illegal in 1956

Rosa Parks

Rosa Parks

Violence towards Blacks Emmett Till was lynched (1955) Bus bombings Medgar Evers murdered (1963) Police brutality

Home Grown Movements Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Began in 1957 Win A.A.’s from all ages and all areas Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Viewed changes as too slow

Civil Disobedience Sit-ins First done by the Congress for Racial Equality (CORE) Began being televised Freedom riders Hoped to make Kennedy act

Burned Bus in Anniston, Alabama

Governor George Wallace

March on Washington August 28, 1963 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation King’s “I have a dream” speech Two weeks later 4 young girls killed in church bombing

Lyndon Johnson and Black Leaders

Freedom Summer CORE and SNCC leaders head south to go register voters A number of workers are killed. Klansmen begin a violence campaign

Malcolm X Whites were the cause of black problems Separate from Whites Preached armed resistance to white authority 2/21/65 He is shot and killed in Harlem

Malcolm X

Stokely Carmichael Black Power Urged violence for equality Focus on A.A.’s quit trying to recruit whites Leads to the Black Panthers Huey Newton and Bobby Seale

Stokely Carmichael (Black Panthers)

The Temptations

The Drifters

April 4, 1968                                                                                                                      

                                                                                                  

King’s Gravesite

Mexican-Americans Worked in jobs no one else wanted to do Worked long hours, very low pay, no benefits at all! Lived in cramped farmhouses

UFW Unions Cesar Chavez emerges as the leader for better lives. Works for better working conditions, housing, etc… Workers become citizens to be able to vote First office in Fresno!

American Indian Movement Occupy Alcatraz from 1969-1971 Occupy Wounded Knee 1973

Gloria Steinem