Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860 Cover Slide The American Pageant Chapter 14 Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860

Rapid Population Growth in US By 1860, 13 original states  33 states Population doubling every 25 years Key Factors U.S. 4th most populous western country Rapid urbanization 

Irish Immigration Impact of “the Famine” Became largest immigrant group to U.S.

Discrimination Against Irish Role of Religion / Poverty Forced to create very close-knit communities  Formed secret societies to combat bigotry The Ancient Order of Hibernians The Molly Maguires Extreme WASP views of Irish N.I.N.A.

Irish v. Blacks Irish fiercely resented blacks Shared society’s basement Competed for scarce jobs Race riots between black & Irish dock workers Irish did not support the abolitionist cause Civil War draft riots

Success of the Irish Acquired modest amounts of property Political activism Soon controlled powerful city machines Strong, motivated workforce

German Immigration Over 1.5 million came b/w 1830-60 Today ~ 25% of all Americans have German ancestry Most were farmers, displaced by crop failures & by other hardships Some were liberal political refugees “Forty-Eighters”

Germans in America Most pushed out to the mid-west Very Independent Less politically potent Introduced beer Wet:

THE AMISH Distinct religious settlements in PA, IN, & OH Founder: They “shun” extravagance No modern conveniences Persecuted in Europe b/c: For 200 years they have preserved their traditional way of life

Nativism Feared immigrants would outbreed, outvote, and overwhelm Protestant natives

Nativism Fear of “papal power” Order of the Star Spangled Banner "Know-Nothing" party (The American party) Advocated restrictions on immigration and naturalization Favored deportation laws of alien paupers Most nativists tended to join the Whig party Eventually most became Republicans

Birth of America's Industrial Revolution Economic Inventions The Textile Industry began the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. Why did New England become center of the Industrial Revolution? Why was the South slow to industrialize?

Economic Inventions Samuel Slater- Eli Whitney's changed America and the world raising cotton became highly profitable South  Westward expansion into AL & MS Stimulated American Industrial Revolution by supplying cotton to New England textile mills

Economic Inventions Elias Howe/Isaac Singer Significance: Charles Goodyear Samuel F. B. Morse 1800: 1860:

The Textile Industry in the U.S. Francis Cabot Lowell Local farmers' daughters hired to work in the factories Textile factories sprang up all over New Eng. and mid-Atl. states Water power and steam power gradually replaced female labor Immigrant labor replaced female labor

Why did New England become center of the Industrial Revolution?

Why was the South slow to Industrialize?

The Business World Principal of Limited Liability Northern “Wage Slaves” Gains for workers voting rights for Laboring Males workingmen's parties Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)

Urban Slums

Northwest Agriculture Ohio-Indiana-Illinois territory  Used to feed booming Cotton Kingdom Key Inventions Farming changed from subsistence to large-scale, specialized, cash-crop agriculture Farmer Debt Increased (land & machinery) Farmers demand new markets 

The Transportation Revolution Prime Motive: Connect East to West Turnpikes Canals Rivers / Steam Power Railroads Clippers The Pony Express

Forging the National Economy, 1790 - 1860 The Transportation Revolution The Continental Economy European Immigration Forging the National Economy, 1790 - 1860 Irish in America The Market Economy & the Family Nativism & Assimilation Germans in America

The Old Immigrants Germans Irish