American Industrial Revolution

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Presentation transcript:

American Industrial Revolution

Pre-industrial ways of working The family labor system Work at or near home, winter work Barter system, just price, no schedule Family apprenticeships

Patriarchy in family, work, and society The Social order Only the wealthy were involved in political/civic affairs Gradual change following the Am. Revolution

The Market Revolution Brought on by improvements in transportation, commercialization, industrialization Importance of capital – invest in American business following Embargo Act and War of 1812

Putting out system – made at home, piecework, central shops British Technology – brought to America (ripe for industrialization) Slater’s Mill – “smuggled “plans, use of women, children, importance of tariffs

Pawtucket, RI

Family mills – disagreements w/ towns Lowell Mills – Francis Cabot Lowell, power loom, able to compete w/ British, development of industrial community Family mills – disagreements w/ towns The American System of Manufactures Interchangeable parts, Whitney, Springfield Rifle, clocks, sewing machines

Lowell Mills

Springfield Rifle

From Artisan to Worker Change in personal relationships Employer/employee, Wage slaves, “freedom to starve”, paternalism Mechanization and women’s work Low skill work, oversupply of workers, garment industry, long hours, low pay

Time, work, and leisure Free Labor Early strikes Separation of work and leisure, controlled by the clock, growth of leisure time activities and class distinctions Free Labor Right of laborers to move from job to job, right to strike? Early strikes Led by women, mostly unsuccessful, demand for the 10 hour day

The Rat Race

Transportation Revolution Erie Canal, steamboats, railroads

Increased govt. regulation LLC’s lead to more industrialization Shift to commercial agriculture Regional specialization Reliance on outside economic forces Improved farm technology/yield

Charles Finney Evangelical Preacher Part of Second Great Awakening Doctrine of Free Will Social Reform including temperance

Why Temperance?

Immigration and Conflict Differences between British, German, and Irish Immigrants Nativism Anti-Catholicism

Catholicism incompatible with Republicanism?