Climate Climate Change Structure of Atmosphere Heat Potpourri 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 400 300 300 300 300 600 400 400 400 400 800 500 500 500 500 1000
An area’s long-term pattern of weather is known as _________.
Climate
The two main characteristics of climate are temperature and ___________.
Precipitation
Which climate control makes Duluth’s summers cooler than those in Cloquet (20 miles west of Duluth)?
Nearby Water (Lake Superior)
Phoenix, Arizona has an average high temperature in January of 67 °F Phoenix, Arizona has an average high temperature in January of 67 °F. Which climate control allows for snow skiing areas within 100 miles of Phoenix?
Topography (elevation) Ski areas can be found in the mountains near Tucson and Flagstaff, within a couple hour drive of Phoenix.
Oklahoma City has a warmer climate than St. Paul Oklahoma City has a warmer climate than St. Paul. Which climate control is the main reason for this difference?
Latitude St. Paul has a much more northern latitude.
The relationship between carbon dioxide and temperature is that when carbon dioxide increases, the temperature ___________.
increases
The main reason for the cyclical ice ages over the past million years is due to which climate change factor?
Earth’s motions (the Milankovitch cycles) – tilt, orbit, precession of the earth’s axis.
Sunspots increase and decrease in a cycle Sunspots increase and decrease in a cycle. The average length of time between sunspot maxima is about how many years? (must be within 1 year to be correct)
11 years
Volcanoes affect climate in two ways Volcanoes affect climate in two ways. Short term cooling due to ash blocking the sun and long term heating due to this…
Volcanoes emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases
Temperature has risen in the past 100 years to peak levels covering the past 100,000 years. This temperature increase has caused sea level to rise how many centimeters during the past 100 years? (Must be within 2 cm to be correct.)
10 cm
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is __________.
Nitrogen
Almost all weather occurs in this layer of the atmosphere.
The Troposphere
How does temperature change with increasing elevation in the thermosphere?
Temperature increases with height in the thermosphere.
Within the stratosphere, the ozone layer absorbs these rays from the sun, releasing the energy in the form of heat.
Ultraviolet rays
What light-weight gas is found above 2400 km altitude…where the thermosphere thins out into space.
hydrogen
The total kinetic energy of all of the particles of a substance is known as this.
Heat BTW…How is this different than temperature??
The process of heat transferring through touch in known as _______ The process of heat transferring through touch in known as _______. In other words, when heat transfers through collisions of the atoms or molecules of a substance or substances.
Conduction
The process of heat transfer that is occurring within the fluid of this pot:
Convection
Approximately what percentage of INcoming SOLar radiATION (insolation) that enters the top of Earth’s atmosphere reaches and is absorbed by Earth’s surface? A) 10% B) 51% C) 71% D) 99%
B) 51%
At what angle (in degrees) is insolation most intense?
90 degrees (At this angle, sunlight is concentrated on a relatively small area.)
What is the main method that scientists use to determine temperature thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of years into the past?
Ice core analysis (from the Greenland or Antarctica ice sheets)
This is an example of the solar wind interacting with which layer of the atmosphere?
Thermosphere (ionosphere)
Respiration by animals, photosynthesis by plants, and the decay of living material are all parts of the ____________ cycle.
Carbon
Pollutants in the atmosphere from humans can lead to more acid rainfall. The pH of acid rain is most likely to be around: A) 1 B) 5 C) 7 D) 10
B) 5
On average, the warmest part of the day occurs in the: A) late morning B) right at noon - when the sun is highest C) mid to late afternoon D) late evening
C) mid to late afternoon