The Human Machine: Keeping you alive! Function Supply and transport materials, remove wastes Support, move and cover itself Control itself and sense environment Protect and defend against invaders Reproduce Systems Digestive Respiratory Circulatory Excretory Skeletal Muscular Skin Nervous Endocrine Immune/ Lymphatic Reproductive

Function 1: Supply and transport materials, and remove wastes A. Digestive System: supplies materials and removes solid waste Take in food and water Break down food into absorbable particles Transfer nutrients and water to blood and then to body cells Get rid of solid waste Some Important Terms/Parts: Mechanical Breakdown: breaking food down into smaller pieces ex. chewing Chemical Breakdown: breaking large food molecules into small molecules by breaking the bonds, requires enzymes ex. Amylase enzyme breaks starch into sugars Mouth: Chews food, adds saliva to start chemical breakdown. Stomach: Mixes food with hydrochloric acid, enzyme pepsin, and mucus. Small Intestine: Enzymes added and food further broken down into simple sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids; Molecules diffuse into blood. Large Intestine: Water is absorbed into blood; solid waste (feces) excreted.

Exchange O2 for CO2 with the blood Function 1: Supply and transport materials, and remove wastes B. Respiratory System: supplies O2 and removes CO2 and H2O waste Inhale O2 Exchange O2 for CO2 with the blood Exhale CO2 Some Important Terms/Parts: Nose: air enters here, gets cleaned by cilia, and is warmed and moistened Epiglottis: A small flap of tissue that blocks the windpipe during swallowing Lungs: inhale and exhale, exchange gases with the blood Air Sacs or Alveoli: provide a lot of surface area for gases to diffuse from the lungs into/out of the nearby blood. (p. 431)

Function 1: Supply and transport materials, and remove wastes C. Circulatory System: transport materials to and wastes from body cells Pick up O2 from lungs Exchange O2, nutrients and water for CO2 and other wastes with the body cells Drop off CO2 at lungs Pick up nutrients and water from SI and LI Drop off other wastes at kidneys Important Terms and Parts: Heart: pumps the blood to lungs and rest of the body Arteries: muscular blood vessels that always carry blood away from heart Veins: blood vessels that always carry blood back to heart Capillaries: smallest blood vessels that allow materials to diffuse between blood and body cells Blood: transports materials around body; has 4 main components Red Blood Cells: carry O2 and glucose Plasma: carries water and salts White Blood Cells: fight invaders Platelets: clot cuts

Function 1: Supply and transport materials, and remove wastes D. Excretory System: removes dissolved wastes and heat from body Kidneys filter out wastes from the blood Dissolved wastes excreted from body Excess heat is transferred to environment Skin allows water to evaporate from body Important Terms and Parts: Urea: waste from cells, made in breakdown of proteins Urine: urea and excess water Kidneys: filter out dissolved wastes and water from the blood (by diffusion) Ureters: tubes that connect kidneys to urinary bladder Urinary Bladder: collects urine until it can be excreted Skin: gets rid of excess heat, water, and some urea through sweat