Industrial Revolution 1700-1850

Industrial Revolution A change in the ways people earned money and made goods that began in England around the mid-1800s. People went from making goods in their own homes with simple tools to making them in large-scale factories with complicated machinery. As a result, many rural regions became more urban as cities grew rapidly around the new industrial activity

Putting- Out System Domestication system The process of producing a product from raw material to finished product in the single homes in England. Example: land—sheep—wool—thread—sweater –sell to individuals or a buyer of large quantities.

Enclosure movement The process of taking over small land and fencing it off. As wool became more valuable, people began to close off land. As a result of the fencing, people were landless and forced to move to urban centers in search of employment.

Changes in Textiles A growing demand for cotton lead to several technological advances in the Textile Industry. The flying shuttle allowed weaves to work much faster. The spinning jenny spun many threads at one time, as opposed to just one.

Factories Because the new machines were so large shacks were built to house them. Workers would come to the shacks. These buildings became known as Factories.

Changes in Transportation

The invention of the steam locomotive made it so goods could not travel quicker across land and not only on water. The first Railroad was in 1830 from Liverpool to Manchester.

Result

Second Wave of Technology, late 1800s Henry Bessemer purified ore and created steel, which is lighter and more durable. By late 1800s electricity was the major source of power. 1800: First Battery 1870s: Thomas Edison created the light bulb

The first telegraph was in 1844 between Baltimore and Washington D.C. 1876: first Bell phones as seen on the left.

Nickolaus Otto invented the gas powered internal combustion engine, which lead to the creation of automobiles. 1886 Karl Benz received the first patent for a three wheel auto. 1887 Gottlieb Daimler built a four wheel auto.

Changes in how you work New methods of production included: assembly line interchangeable parts These new methods made it so more goods were made in a shorter amount of time and jobs became specialized and monotonous.

Effects The Industrial Revolution resulted in: the creation of tenements child labor growth of cities a new middle class of inventors, artisans, and merchants an urban working class

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein “It was on a dreary night of November, that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet. It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs”

Frankenstein First published in 1817, the most popular edition is the 1831 one. The story is about a doctor that builds a human with new scientific technology. When the creature comes to life the doctor is horrified and shuns him. Frankenstein ends up killing the doctor’s brother and wife as revenge.

The story was written in response to the fear that the Industrial Revolution would go too far. Why would people have such fears? Activity: outline your own story of Frankenstein. What about technology is scary today? Your outline doesn’t have to be about building a human. Some examples: robots taking over, genetically building babies etc…

1708—Seed drill--- Jethro Tull Large scale planting in rows for easier cultivation

1709—Iron smelting--Darby Wood and charcoal are replaced by iron as a means of fuel

1733—flying shuttle—John Kay The flying shuttle improved looms to enable weavers to weave faster.

1764—Spinning jenny—James Hargreaves Creation of an automated weaver Loss of labor was a result of the patenting of the spinning jenny.

1769—water frame—Richard Arkwright Water powered loom Production of a stronger thread for yarns Better for factory production

1785—Power loom—Edmond Cartwright Steam powered loom

1793—cotton gin—Eli Whitney The cotton engine removed the seeds from the actual cotton bulb. Allowed for more slaves to work in the fields. Demand for cotton from America skyrocketed.

1807—steamboat –Robert Fulton The “Clermont”– first successful steam powered boat in America. Revolutionized travel and trade.

1815—Davy’s miner lamp A safety lamp that will keep the flame contained while in the mine.

1825—Railway locomotive--Stephenson Named the “Rocket”, the early locomotives were a quicker, more efficient method of the transporting goods and services. The railroads are the tool that is responsible for the growth of cities and the spread of ideas.

1829—typewriter—William Burt First patented by Burt in America, the typewriter provides clear, standardized letters for communication.

1831—mechanical reaper—Cyrus Mc Cormick First reapers cut the standing grain with a revolving reel, After the cut, it was swept onto a platform from which it was raked off into piles by a man walking alongside. It could harvest more grain than five men using the earlier cradles

1837—telegraph—Samuel B. Morse Instant communication Father of Morse code

1851—sewing machine--Singer The best patented machine at the time Eased the labor force Fast machine that sped up the sewing process

1855-Bessemer process- steel A converter to steel from iron Makes iron cheaper allowing more access to the general public.