Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What were the results of early 19c industrialization in America?

The Transportation Revolution

Warm-Up: Standardized Test Practice 2/22/11 Warm-Up: Standardized Test Practice Directions: Answer questions from the Standardized Test Practice. Prepare for Quiz on Wednesday

First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

Cumberland (National Road), 1811 10. Tolls paid on turnpikes & turnpikes remain in one state 9. Philadelphia to Lancaster

Conestoga Covered Wagons 11. Covered horse drawn wagon 13. Start = Philadelphia End = Pittsburgh 14. Families moving their homes Conestoga Trail, 1820s 15. Pennsylvania; Maryland

Erie Canal System 18. False 22. To travel and transport goods 20. New York 21. Albany

Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825 24. 8 years 26. Steamboats & Flatbeds 25. Long project completed by hand 27. Crops and textiles Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 29. Faster; less work for humans Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

Principal Canals in 1840

Inland Freight Rates

The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 45. A Train 46. The train beat the horse in a race. 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR By 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.]

The Railroad Revolution, 1850s 50. Economy is making more money The Railroad Revolution, 1850s Immigrant labor built the No. RRs. Slave labor built the So. RRs. 47. Immigrants 48. Slaves

New Inventions: "Yankee Ingenuity"

Resourcefulness & Experimentation Americans were willing to try anything. They were first copiers, then innovators. 1800  41 patents were approved. 1860  4,357 “ “ “ 51. More patents were approved 52. Rights to the product so it can’t be copied

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave! 55. Separate the seeds from cotton 56. Produce more cotton faster Actually invented by a slave! 57. Farmers were able to make more money w/less slaves

Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle 58. He invented interchangeable Parts 59. He made parts for a Rifle 60. Parts that are the same for all machines 61. Less time to fix broken machinery Interchangeable Parts Rifle

Warm-Up: Practice Quiz 2/23/11 Warm-Up: Practice Quiz Directions: Students will complete the Guided Reading 5-1 Students will prepare for the Notes Quiz by completing the Pre-Reading Outline.

First prototype of the locomotive Oliver Evans First automated flour mill First prototype of the locomotive

John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840s Sewing Machine

The Northern Industrial "Juggernaut"

Boom/Bust Cycles: 1790-1860 66. $24 67. $104 68. Tuition = The amount of money paid for college classes. 69. More people were going to school. The blue line shows, for comparison, the price of a year’s tuition at Harvard College. In 1790 it was $24, but by 1860 had risen to $104.

Distribution of Wealth During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population. 70. American Revolution b/c their were more business owners 1845 Boston  top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. 71. Less Distribution of wealth 1860 Philadelphia  top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth. The gap between rich and poor was widening!

Samuel Slater (“Father of the Factory System”) 73. Because he was the first to develop factories in the United States.

The Lowell System: First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant 74. Lowell, Massachusetts 76. It serves more than one purpose 77. A clothing factory Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

Lowell in 1850

Lowell Mill

Early Textile Loom

New England Textile Centers: 1830s 79. They are located around water to help power the factories. New England Textile Centers: 1830s 80. The location where clothing fabrics are made.

New England Dominance in Textiles

Starting for Lowell

What was their typical “profile?” 81. Young, White, poor, uneducated 82. They could complete the work and needed the money. Lowell Girls What was their typical “profile?”

Lowell Boarding Houses What was boardinghouse life like? 83. Small living conditions Unsanitary Crowded What was boardinghouse life like?

Lowell Mills Time Table

Early “Union” Newsletter 84. Organized group of workers who collectively work together for a better working environment Early “Union” Newsletter 85. Provide Better Work Environment 86. YES!

The Factory Girl’s Garland February 20, 1845 issue.

I’m a Factory Girl Filled with Wishes I'm a factory girl Everyday filled with fear From breathing in the poison air Wishing for windows! I'm a factory girl Tired from the 13 hours of work each day And we have such low pay Wishing for shorten work times! I'm a factory girl Never having enough time to eat Nor to rest my feet Wishing for more free time! I'm a factory girl Sick of all this harsh conditions Making me want to sign the petition! So do what I ask for because I am a factory girl And I'm hereby speaking for all the rest!

Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

American Population Centers in 1820

American Population Centers in 1860

National Origin of Immigrants: 1820 - 1860 Why now?

Warm-Up: Pre-Reading the Section 2/25/11 Warm-Up: Pre-Reading the Section Directions: Turn to pages 187-193 in your textbook. Look at the headings, pictures, and graphs and fill out the chart.

Classwork: Papers Due Today! 2/25/11 Classwork: Papers Due Today! Assignments Due Today: All Warm-Ups Chapter 5: The Industrial Revolution Notes Mill Times: Video Questions Parts III-VI Revolution Technology Packet