Get your clicker for your Cell Vocab Quiz!!

Objective: Learners will be able to complete a gallery walk activity in order to review for the Genetics Unit of the Biology HSA exam. Drill: Take out the cards your teacher has given you. Match up the vocabulary words with the definition and the picture that best represents each word. Work with your neighbor to discuss answers and then copy the correct answers onto your “Genetics Vocabulary Chart.”

Vocabulary Vocabulary Definition Picture Genotype Phenotype Homozygous Heterozygous The alleles (letters) that represent a trait. TT or tt The external or physical appearance of a gene. black Both alleles (letters) for gene are same Alleles (letters) for the gene are different

Vocabulary Practice Think-Pair-Share: work with your neighbor and complete questions #1-4 on your “Punnett Square Practice Problems” worksheet. Let’s review the answers as a class, then try some more Punnett squares.

Monohybrid Crosses Let’s complete #5-7 on your “Punnett Square Practice Problems” worksheet. b b Parent 1 Genotype: Parent 1 Phenotype: Parent 2 Genotype: Parent 2 Phenotype: Genotype ratio: Phenotype ratio: Bb Brown Fur B b Bb Bb bb White Fur bb bb 2 : 2 2 : 2

Individual Practice Roger has short ears. Genevieve is heterozygous for long ears. Use the steps below to solve the problem. Determine the parent’s genotype and phenotype PARENT #1: PARENT #2: E e 1. What are the chances of a baby with the genotype Ee? out of or % 2. What are the chances of a baby with short ears? e Ee ee ee Ee

Human Chromosomes Complete the notes on your “Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Traits” worksheet. If we take all the chromosomes out of one cell and match them up, we find that we have 23 pairs. The first 22 pairs contain the genes that make up our bodies (called autosomes). The 23rd pair are called sex chromosomes because they determine your gender.

Sex Chromosomes XX XY There are two different sex chromosomes, X and Y. If you receive an X and a Y, you are genetically a male. If you receive two X’s then you are genetically a female.

Red-Green Colorblindness Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Sex-Linked Traits X chromosomes can carry other traits besides those related to gender. Sex-Linked Traits Hemophilia Male Pattern Baldness Red-Green Colorblindness Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Today we will look at hemophilia.

Sex-Linked Crosses In order to have offspring you need a female XX and a male XY. These crosses work just like the ones we have done in the past. XX= female baby XY= male baby Ratio = 2:2 or 50%

Hemophilia Cross Xh Y XH Xh XHXh Xhxh XHY XhY XHXH XHXh XhXh XHY XhY Let’s cross a male with hemophilia with a carrier female. XH Xh Genotype Phenotype XHXH XHXh XhXh XHY XhY Xh Y Normal XHXh Xhxh Carrier hemophilia Normal XHY XhY hemophilia Since females have two X’s they need two alleles to get hemophilia. Because males only have one X, they only need one allele to get hemophilia.

Individual Practice XH Y Xh Xh XHxh XHxh XhY XhY Antoinette has hemophilia but her husband Bobby is normal. Draw a Punnett square to predict the genotypes of their children. Determine how many children will have hemophilia. Xh Xh XH Y XHxh XHxh XhY XhY

Mitosis Mitosis starts with one parent cell. Parent cell starts with 4 chromosomes Each daughter cell also has 4 chromosomes. Afterwards you have two cells that are identical to the original cell.

When Mitosis Occurs! Growth Healing wounds Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria Cancer

Result of Meiosis 4 Sperm 1 Egg Oogenesis Spermatogenesis

Sexual Reproduction 46 chromosomes Woman produces an egg. The male produces sperm. 23 chromosomes 23 chromosomes The sperm fertilizes the egg to make a zygote. Sperm and Egg only have 23 chromosomes and are created by a process called meiosis.

Compare and Contrast Work with a partner to complete “Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis vs. Meiosis” worksheet. Mitosis Meiosis

Pedigrees What information can we learn from this pedigree? Male Female 4 Generations Trait Inherited What kind of trait is inherited in this family? How do you know?

Cracking the Code of DNA Transcription Translation

Transcription Scribes were people that used to copy books before the invention of the printing press. Transcription- is when DNA is copied into RNA

Transcription DNA is our only copy of our genetic blueprint, so we need to keep it nice and safe in the nucleus. RNA only has one strand RNA can go anywhere in the cell RNA is smaller RNA has A,U, G, C. DNA has two strands DNA stays in nucleus DNA is larger DNA has A,T,G,C We can make a copy of a portion of our DNA, called RNA. We can then take RNA to our job site to build our proteins. This RNA is called mRNA because it has a message in it.

I’m a ribosome, I read the code in mRNA 3 letters at a time. Cracking the Code We learned earlier that DNA has a code that provides instructions on how to build proteins. These instructions are passed on to the mRNA I’m a ribosome, I read the code in mRNA 3 letters at a time. The code in mRNA is read 3 letters at a time. Every 3 letters is called a codon, which codes for an amino acid. This step is called Translation. Codon = three letters = amino acid

Translation GTA CAG Third letter We can now translate the mRNA. Each codon equals an amino acid. We will get practice with pedigrees and protein synthesis during our gallery walk next!

Gallery Walk The artist captured man’s inner struggle with nature. Yeah whatever. It looks like a hot mess to me! You will work in groups of three to complete a gallery walk on Genetics Review problems. You will have a set time at each station.

Review/ Wrap Up Let’ review answers as a class.

Exit Slip/Homework Use your clickers to answer the old HSA questions. Don’t write on the handout!!! (Then turn in your clickers and your exit ticket paper) Your homework is to study for your Genetics VOCAB QUIZ!!!! Also keep working on your service learning project!!! Next class we will study for the evolution part of the HSA