Non Verbal Communication September 22, 2018September 22, 2018

Objectives Hone your interpersonal advantages while interacting with others Recognize how the eyes, face, body, and appearance can send nonverbal messages Explore non-verbal behaviours that play a vital role in our communication Analyze the importance of nonverbal communication Understand eye access cues and what each cue communicates

challenge Please write a one sentence definition of “Non-verbal communication”

What is non verbal communication? Nonverbal communication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages Such messages can be communicated through gesture; body language or posture; facial expression and eye contact; object communication such as clothing, hairstyles

Humans use non-verbal communication because Words have limitations Nonverbal signals are powerful Nonverbal message are likely to be more genuine Nonverbal signals can express feelings inappropriate to state A separate communication channel is necessary to help send complex messages Words have limitations: There are numerous areas where nonverbal communication is more effective than verbal (when explain the shape, directions, personalities are expressed nonverbally) Nonverbal signal are powerful: Nonverbal cues primary express inner feelings (verbal messages deal basically with outside world). Nonverbal message are likely to be more genuine: because nonverbal behaviors cannot be controlled as easily as spoken words. Nonverbal signals can express feelings inappropriate to state: Social etiquette limits what can be said, but nonverbal cues can communicate thoughts. A separate communication channel is necessary to help send complex messages: A speaker can add enormously to the complexity of the verbal message through simple nonverbal signals.

FUNcTIONS of non verbal communication Express emotions Express interpersonal attitudes To accompany speech in managing the cues of interaction between speakers and listeners Self-presentation of one’s personality Rituals (greetings)

Advantage of non verbal communication You can communicate with someone who is hard of hearing of deaf. You can communicate at place where you are supposed to maintain silence. You can communicate something which you don't want others to hear or listen to. You can communicate if you are far away from a person. The person can see but not hear you. Non-verbal communication makes conversation short and brief.

Disadvantage of non verbal communication You cannot have long conversation. It varies culture to culture. Cannot discuss the particulars of your message. Difficult to understand and requires a lot of repetitions. Cannot be used as a public tool for communication. Less influential and cannot be used everywhere.

Nonverbal cues can play five roles Repetition: they can repeat the message the person is making verbally Contradiction: they can contradict a message the individual is trying to convey Substitution: they can substitute for a verbal message. For example, a person's eyes can often convey a far more vivid message than words can often do Complementing: they may add to or complement a verbal message. A boss who pats a person on the back in addition to giving praise can increase the impact of the message Accenting: non-verbal communication may accept or underline a verbal message. Pounding the table, for example, can underline a message.

How is Meaning Conveyed? 7% spoken or written words A "majority" of the meaning we attribute to words comes not from the words themselves, but from nonverbal factors such as gestures, facial expressions, tone, body language, etc. 55% Face and body: non-verbal communication or face and body language. 38% voice dynamics: tone + inflection + volume + accent + non-word sounds; and...

Non-verbal communication or face and body language constitutes 93% of message

Types of nonverbal communication Kinesics (body language) Body motions such as shrugs, foot tapping, drumming fingers, eye movements such as winking, facial expressions, and gestures Proxemics (proximity) Use of space to signal privacy or attraction Haptics Touch Oculesics Eye contact Chronemics Use of time, waiting, pausing Olfactics Smell ParalanguageTone of voice, timbre, volume, speed

Types of nonverbal communication Sound symbols Grunting, mmm, er, ah, uh-huh, mumbling Silence Pausing, waiting, secrecy Posture Position of the body, stance Adornment Clothing, jewellery, hairstyle Locomotion Walking, running, staggering, limping

There are six main facial expression found in all cultures KINESICS Facial expressions You have 80 muscles in your face that can create more than7,000 facial expressions. There are six main facial expression found in all cultures Happiness (round eyes, smile, round cheek) Fear (around eyes, open mouth) Angry (lower eyebrow, and stare intensely) Disgusting (wrinkled nose, lowered eyelids and eyebrow, raised upper lips) Surprise (raised eyebrow, wide open eyes, open mouth) Sadness (area around mouth and eyes)

Varieties of expressions

Gestures It’s the Body movement while talking, which reinforces what you want to say. Gestures may be ‘warm’ or ‘cold’. Warm gesture include leaning towards people, smiling and touching. Avoid nervousness, i.e., scratching your arms, tugging your ears or licking your lips.

Regulate the flow of conversation. Deliberate movements and signals: Common gestures include waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate number amounts. Regulate the flow of conversation. For example, if a student is talking in class, single nods of the head from the teacher will likely cause that student to continue and perhaps elaborate. Positive Gestures Open Palms Eye-to-eye confrontation Smile Equal Handshake

BODY LANGUAGE AND POSTURE Posture and movement can also convey a great deal on information. Such as arm-crossing, and leg-crossing, hands in the pocket, hands on the hips. People communicate by the way they walk, stand, and sit. Body orientation also indicates status or liking of the other individual Body postures and movements are frequently indicators of self- confidence, energy, fatigue, or status Positive Gestures Open Palms Postures Standing position Walking style Hand Movements Eye-to-eye confrontation Smile Equal Handshake

PROXEMICS It is the study of how people use and perceive the physical space around them Effected by the objects around you i.e., arranging of chairs / office and dress Formal dressing / Informal dressing Audience / Situation

Physical Space For most of us, someone standing very close to us makes us uncomfortable. We feel our "space" has been invaded. People seek to extend their territory in many ways to attain power and intimacy. We tend to mark our territory either with permanent walls, or in a classroom with our coat, pen, paper, etc. We like to protect and control our territory.

Personal Space Categories for Those In the United States Intimate distance 18” Personal distance 18” to 4’ Social distance 4’ to 8’ 8’ to 10’ Public distance

Physical Space Public Zone The "intimate zone" is about two feet. This zone is reserved for our closest friends. The "personal zone" from about 2-4 feet usually is reserved for family and friends. The “social zone” (4-12 feet) is where most business transactions take place. The "public zone" (over 12 feet) is used for lectures. Social Zone Personal Zone Intimate Zone

Physical Space At the risk of stereotyping, we will generalize and state that Americans and Northern Europeans typify the non-contact group with small amounts of touching and relatively large spaces between them during transactions. Arabs normally stand closer together and do a lot of touching during communication.

Image We use "things" to communicate. This can involve expensive things, neat or messy things, photographs, plants, etc. We use clothing and other dimensions of physical appearance to communicate our values and expectations.

EYE Contact Looking, staring, and blinking can also be important nonverbal behaviors. Our Eyes are most expressive part Raising or Lowering our Eye brows, smiling, nodding & winking Do not avoid eye contact while talking to your boss Too much eye contact is perceived as aggressive, dominant and uncomfortable. Effective persons maintain more eye contact than ineffective ones Stare or fixed gaze suggest involvement or wonder or eye disapproval. Raised looks show dominance. Downcast looks suggest weakness and submission Direct eye contact communicates honesty, transparency and neutral attitude.

PARALANGUAGE Paralanguage (sometimes called vocalics) is the study of nonverbal cues of the voice. Various acoustic properties of speech such as tone voice, pitch, loudness, inflection etc. The pitch, rate and volume make you sound more expressive Difference between Good intonation and mono- pitch To develop an effective speaking voice… use effective pitch Speak with a correct rate and slowly enough so you can be understood Express clearly like ‘Did you’ instead of ‘Didjya’ or ‘Want to’ instead of ‘Wanna’

Vocal The meaning of words can be altered significantly by changing the intonation of one's voice. Think of how many ways you can say "no“ you could express mild doubt, terror, amazement, anger among other emotions. Vocal meanings vary across cultures.

“You are doing a good job” Have you noticed the difference? Example “You are doing a good job” say it in a way that clearly indicates that the employee is doing a great job. say it in a way that indicates that the employee is doing a rather average job. Have you noticed the difference?

NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION Brisk, erect walk Confidence Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection, unhappiness, disappointment

NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension Locked ankles Apprehension, worry, anxiety Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom Rubbing hands Anticipation

Know Your Body Language

Eye Contact

Hand Shake

Closed Body Language

Not Interested In You.

Facial Expression What to do!!

Facial Expression Happiness!!!

Facial Expression Anger!!!

Facial Expression Fear!!!

Cultural difference in Non- verbal communication

What about this? Most of the world means “O.K” In Iran means “extremely obscene” OR rude. In Nigeria “Good luck”. In Japan means “five”. In Turkey means “political rightist party”

What about this? In Somalia means “ rude or dishonest sign”. In some parts of Europe means “ private signal to show that something is joke”.

What about this? commonly means “everything is all right or perfect”. In France means “worthless”. Japan means “ money”. In German means “ rude”.

What about this? In Brazil means “Good luck”. Russia means “you get nothing from me”. Yugoslavia means “you can’t have it”. Turkey, Tunisia & Holland means “obscene”.

Who won the game of one-on-one basketball?