Mixtures Chapter 3 Section 3

What is a mixture? A combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined Substances in a mixture retain their identity Mixtures can be physically separated Do not have definite ratios

Common Techniques for Separating Mixtures Distillation (boiling points) Ex: Crude oil Magnet (attraction) Centrifuge (density) Ex: Blood cells and plasma

Solutions Mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly

Heterogeneous vs. Homogeneous Heterogeneous – different components can be seen Homogeneous – same appearance throughout mixture, cannot tell the parts

Solute – substance that is dissolved Solvent – substance in which solute is dissolved Solution – combo of the two Solute goes into the solvent to form the solution. Ex: salt is put in water to make salt water

Solutions Particles are small Cannot be filtered Cannot be settled out Do not scatter light

Concentration How much solute is dissolved in the solvent Expressed in grams/mL Dilute has more of the solvent Concentrated has less of the solvent

Saturated and Unsaturated How much solute can be put in to make a solution at a certain temperature Solubility is the amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution

What factors affect how fast a solid will dissolve? 1. Mixing 2. Heating 3. Crushing

Suspensions Particles settle out Particles are insoluble Heterogeneous Particles are fairly large Scatter or block light May be filtered

Colloids Particles are dispersed throughout but cannot settle out Particles small and well mixed Scatter light Cannot be filtered