Warm-up! What significant information did Ibn Sina contribute to the Islamic Empire? What did Ibn Battuta contribute? Who were the Germanic tribes and how were they different than the Romans? Who was Charlemagne? What was the most significant thing that happened during his reign? What were three effects of the invasions of the Germanic tribes?

The Feudal and Manorial Systems Chapt 13 Sect 2 Main Idea In Europe during the Middle Ages, the feudal and manorial systems governed life and required people to perform certain duties and obligations.

The Feudal System Origins of Feudalism Knights and Lords Knights did not exist at the beginning of the Middle Ages but began to emerge, out of necessity, as the period progressed. Feudalism originated partly as result of Viking invasions Kings were unable to defend their lands, gave lands to their nobles Nobles had to find ways to defend their own lands Built castles, often on hills Not elaborate structures; built of wood, used as place of shelter in case of attack Origins of Feudalism Nobles needed trained soldiers to defend castles Knights most important, highly skilled soldiers Mounted knights in heavy armor best defenders Being a knight is expensive; had to maintain weapons, armor, horses Knights demanded payment for services Knights and Lords

Knights were usually paid for their services with land Anyone accepting land was called a vassal Person from whom he accepted fief was his lord (person that gave a vassal land) Historians call system of exchanging land for service the feudal system, or feudalism

Feudal Obligations Oath of Fealty Financial Obligations Lords and vassals in feudal system had duties to fulfill to one another Knight’s chief duty as vassal to provide military service to his lord Had to promise to remain loyal; promise called oath of fealty Financial Obligations Knight had certain financial obligations to lord Knight obligated to pay ransom for lord’s release if captured in battle Gave money to lord on special occasions, such as knighting of son Lord’s Obligations Lord had to treat knights fairly, not demanding too much time, money Had to protect knight if attacked by enemies Had to act as judge in disputes between knights

Lords, Peasants, and Serfs The Manorial System The feudal system was a political and social system. A related system governed medieval economics. This system was called the manorial system because it was built around large estates called manors. Most peasants on farm were serfs, tied to manor Not slaves; could not be sold away from manor But could not leave, or marry without lord’s permission Serfdom Manors had some free people who rented land from lord Others included landowning peasants, skilled workers like blacksmiths, millers Also had a priest for spiritual needs Free People Manors owned by wealthy lords, knights Peasants farmed manor fields Were given protection, plots of land to cultivate for themselves Lords, Peasants, and Serfs

Goal to make manor self-sufficient A Typical Manor Most of the manor’s land was occupied by fields for crops & pastures for animals Medieval farmers learned that leaving a field empty for a year improved the soil In time, this practice developed into three-field crop rotation system Each manor included fortified house for noble family, village for peasants, serfs Goal to make manor self-sufficient Typical manor also included church, mill, blacksmith Small Village

CONSTRUCTING THE PYRAMID OF POWER KING LOYALTY AND SERVICE LAND POWERFUL NOBLES (LORDS) LAND AND PROTECTION LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS/ VASSALS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

How did the feudal system work? Summarize How did the feudal system work? Answer(s): lord gave land to knight in return for protection and loyalty

How did lords and peasants benefit from the manorial system? Analyze How did lords and peasants benefit from the manorial system? Answer(s): lords' farmlands were taken care of, produced food; peasants were provided protection from invaders

Roman World Feudal World

Let’s see how much you remember! REVIEW Let’s see how much you remember! Everyone owed loyalty to the ________ _______ were really the most powerful. They got _______ from the king. Lesser nobles (knights) gave _________ _________ in return for land _______ were bound to the land. They worked in return for ____________. __________ were skilled workers. They paid rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to.

Check Your Answers Everyone owed loyalty to the king. Nobles were really the most powerful. They got land from the king. Lesser nobles (knights) gave military service in return for land. Serfs were bound to the land. They worked in return for protection. Freemen were skilled workers. They paid rent to the nobles and were free to move if they wanted to.

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