My Plate : Nutrition What are Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals? Why is Water an Important Part of a Healthy Diet?

Vocabulary Terms: Nutrients: Substances in food that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues & get energy. (6 total) Metabolism: a chemical process by which your body breaks down food for energy Calories: the amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down (measurement units)

Carbohydrates: Supply energy for your body’s functions Made of Carbon, hydrogen & oxygen Two Types: Simple & Complex Simple= Sugars Complex= Starches; Fiber (not digestible) Extra is stored in body for use later. 45-65% of daily diet should be carbs

Fats: Supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temp & protect your nerves. Made of carbon, hydrogen & oxygen 1 ounce of fat has twice as many calories as Carbs Two Types: Unsaturated & Saturated (solid at room temp) 20-35% of Daily Diet from Fats

Cholesterol: A waxy, fatlike substance that is only found in animal products Found in Blood & if too high it collects on the walls of the blood vessels & is called PLAQUE. Plaque increases risk of HT DZ & Stroke!

Trans fats: Made when manufacturers add hydrogen to fat in vegetable oil so it will stay fresh longer. Unfortunately it has many of the same negative effects as saturated fats. Examples: Margarine, chips, commercially baked goods

Proteins: A source of energy, most importantly it plays a major role in the growth & repair of your body’s tissues. Made of small links called AMINO ACIDS. 20 total- 9 essential amino acids come from 9 we need from diets. Complete proteins /Incomplete Proteins 10-35% of your daily diet

Vitamins: Nutrients made by living things. 2 Classes: Fat Soluable- A,D,E & K Oil, liver, eggs & some veggies Dissolve in fatty materials Extra is Stored by Body Water Soluable- C, B’s Fruits & Veggies Dissolve in Water Extra Not Stored in Body

Antioxidants: Vitamins that help protect healthy cells from damage caused by the normal aging process as well as forms of cancer. Examples: Vitamin C & E; citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli, tomatoes, potatoes

Minerals: Body requires small amounts Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks & soil. Plants absorb them through their roots & animals obtain them by eating those plants or other animals. 24 needed; 7 in significant amounts. Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Chlorine, & Sulfer

Terms: Anemia- lack of iron that causes red blood cells to have too little hemoglobin.

Water: 65% of the body is made up of Water!! Almost all chemical reactions in the body must take place in a water solution Homeostasis: the process of maintaining a steady state inside your body. Electrolytes- substances that regulate processes in your cells. Dehydration: serious reduction in body’s water content.

Water: Everyday you need 10, 8 ounce cups (girls), 14 cups (boys) Can come from foods & drinks combined