The characteristics of Finnish guidance and counselling services Education and training of guidance professionals Strong research base Support from the policy-makers PES and school system complement each other

Guidance at different educational levels Pre-primary education Basic education Goals set by a national curriculum Guidance counsellors at schools and class teachers Class-based lessons in guidance and counselling at grades 7-9

Basic education (continues) Special needs education and remedial instruction Preparatory training for immigrants Before and after school groups Additional basic education (10th grade) Preparatory training

Secondary level education General upper secondary schools Goals set by a national curriculum Guidance counsellors at schools and group advisers Course in guidance and counselling

Secondary level education Vocational education and training Guidance counsellors at schools, teachers and workplace instructors On-the-job learning and skills demonstrations Special needs education

Higher education A dual system Student counselling services Universities Polytechnics (Universities of applied sciences Student counselling services Study affairs secretaries or counsellors Careers and recruitment services Employment advisers and counsellors

Adult education Liberal adult education General adult education Vocational education and training for adults Competence-based qualification Labour market training for adults

Guidance and counselling at Public Employment Services (PES) Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment (15) Employment and Economic Development Offices (74) Labour force service centres (35)

In charge of guidance and counselling at PES Employment advisers and counsellors Education advisers Vocational guidance psychologists Higher education advisers Rehabilitation advisers

Training of guidance practitioners at PES Vocational guidance psychologist needs a grade in psychology Other practitioners have no formal qualification requirements In-service training provided within the field

Training of guidance practitioners at schools Master in Education, major in guidance and counselling + teacher qualification Teacher qualification + 60 credits of guidance and counselling Vocational teacher qualification + 60 credits of guidance and counselling Multiform training available In-service training provided within the field

What lies ahead? Information and communication networks will become more important Significance of guidance and counselling will grow Common challenges in all countries Ways and methods to give guidance and counselling will become more varied