AIM: What distinct characteristics did the early civilizations of the Middle East develop? Do Now: Create three of the most ruthless (but fair) laws that.

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Presentation transcript:

AIM: What distinct characteristics did the early civilizations of the Middle East develop? Do Now: Create three of the most ruthless (but fair) laws that you can think of.

*Invasion and conquest were prominent features in the history of the Ancient Middle East What two rivers run through the Fertile Crescent? In what present day country is Mesopotamia located?

Sumerians (ancient Sumer’s city-states) (3200 B.C. - 1800 B.C.) THE MANY PEOPLE OF MESOPOTAMIA: Sumerians (ancient Sumer’s city-states) (3200 B.C. - 1800 B.C.) 2. Babylonians ( 1800 B.C. - 1200 B.C. Assyrians (Assyrian Empire) (1200 B.C. - 539 B.C.) 4. Persians (Persian Empire) (539 B.C. - 330 B.C.)

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA (3200 B.C.) “land in between the rivers” Why was this a perfect place for the 1st civilization? Fertile Crescent - large arc of fertile land in the Middle East Tigris & Euphrates Rivers made it possible for farming 3. Cattle, pigs, goats & sheep were accessible

CHALLENGES 1. Unpredictable floods destroyed crops, homes & people 2. Some areas were marshy and unsuitable for farming 3. This land was vulnerable to attack and invasion

Vocabulary Cuneiform – wedge shaped symbols carved into clay Ziggurats– a pyramid-temple that soared towards the heavens Zoroastrian - one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago Epic of Gilgamesh: The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh dates from about 2000 B.C. It is a collection of tales about a hero named Gilgamesh.

Agree or disagree… “An eye for an eye, a life for a life.” Explain.

Relief of Hammurabi and the god Shamash Who was Hammurabi? Member of the Amorite dynasty King of Babylon from 1792-1750 BCE United all of Mesopotamia under the Babylonian Empire Who was Hammurabi? Hammurabi was a member of the Amorite dynasty who united all of Mesopotamia under the Babylonian Empire. He became king of Babylon in 1792 BCE and ruled until 1750 BCE. Relief of Hammurabi and the god Shamash

Hammurabi’s Code 282 Laws for Babylonian society Tool to unify expanding empire “That the strong might not injure the weak” Allowed everyone to know the rules Hammurabi’s Code. Hammurabi is most famous for his law code, which is one of the oldest in the world. It is a list of 282 laws that deal with many different parts of society. The code was created in part to help unify a quickly expanding empire. In this law code, the government set up certain punishments for crimes so “that the strong might not injure the weak.” Before this code, individuals basically decided how they wanted to take revenge on people who hurt them. Hammurabi’s Code made rules more standardized so that everyone would know the crimes and penalties, similar to the way everyone knows school rules.

Ancient Mesopotamian Astrology Activity Should we change our astrological signs?

Let’s Summarize…

Aim: What distinct characteristics did the early empires of the Middle East develop? Do Now: Analyze a map of the Persian Empire at its extent and hypothesize why the empire was so successful and vast.

Assyrian Empire 900-600 BCE

Assyrian Empire Image retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Assyria.png

King Sennacherib Ruled 705-681 BCE Used military force against revolts Led campaign against a rebellion in Judah Conquered several Judean cities Attacked King Hezekiah in the city of Jerusalem Image retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sennacherib.jpg Palace Carving of King Sennacherib

The Rise of Persia The Persians based their empire on tolerance and diplomacy. They relied on a strong military to back up their policies. Ancient Persia is where Iran is today. Largest empire seen yet.

The Persian Empire Vocab Tolerance – Persian kings accepted the people they conquered Satrap – province, which had to pay taxes based on its resources and wealth Barter economy – exchanging one set of goods and services for another Money economy – goods and services are paid through the exchange of some toke of an agreed value

Cyrus the Great

Primary Source “This is the word of Cyrus king of Persia: The Lord, God of heaven has given me all the kingdoms of the earth, and he himself has charged me to build him a house at Jerusalem in Judah. To every man of his people now among you I say, God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem in Judah, and rebuild the house of the Lord God of Israel, the God whose city is Jerusalem.” What type of ruler was Cyrus based on this quote?

Darius

Persian Empire, 500 BC List the continents the Persian Empire reached by 500 BCE

The Royal Road 1,677 miles long 111 relay stations Other smaller roads branched off the royal road Relay stations had rest areas and fresh horses. The entire royal road could be traveled in a week by a horsemen Caravans took about a month

The Phoenicians Sailors and traders Occupied string of cities along the eastern Mediterranean coast (Syria and Lebanon) Set up colonies from North Africa to Sicily Contribution: our alphabet

Let’s Summarize… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sohXPx_XZ6Y