Today’s Agenda… Bellringer: Make sure you are finished with your venn diagram/writing frame Take up Venn diagram/Writing frame Notes on The Periodic Table Review worksheet from last Thursday (if we have time)

The Periodic Table Study Pack #2

Who created the periodic table? Dmitri Mendeleev Studied the elements to find similar chemical and physical properties Arranged the elements by atomic mass Mendeleev predicted the properties of some missing elements

The Periodic Table Changes to the periodic table were made over the years Especially in the 1900s when scientists learned about atoms and their particles Chemists arrange the periodic table by atomic number

The Periodic Table Most modern periodic tables show around 118 elements About 92 of the elements on a periodic table occur in nature and all matter is made up of some combination of them

The Periodic Table Each square of the periodic table includes the element’s Atomic number Chemical symbol Name Atomic mass

Inside the Squares Atomic Number Number of protons Also tells you the number of electrons

Inside the Squares Chemical symbol One capital letter or one capital and one lowercase letter Examples: C, H, O, Cl, Fe, Ag Some of the symbols are from the element’s Latin name

Element Symbol Latin name sodium Na natrium potassium K kalium iron Fe ferrum copper Cu cuprum silver Ag argentum tin Sn stannum gold Au aurum mercury Hg hydrargyrum lead Pb plumbum

Inside the Squares Atomic Mass Number of protons + neutrons

Organization of the Periodic Table An element’s properties can be predicted by where it is located on the periodic table This is why the periodic table is so useful This is why the periodic table looks the same no matter where you find it!

Organization of the Periodic Table Groups Elements in columns (up and down) Also known as families 1 – 18 Elements in groups have similar characteristics (just like you have similar characteristics to your family)

Organization of the Periodic Table For example: Group 1 are all metals that react violently with water Group 11 are metals that react slowly or not at all with water Group 17 react violently with elements in group 1 Group 18 elements rarely react at all

Organization of the Periodic Table Periods Elements in rows (across) Hint: Think about the period being at the end of a sentence The elements in periods are not alike in properties There are still useful patterns Metals become less reactive from left to right

Organization of the Periodic Table Period 6 & 7 have elements separated out of the table This is where those elements belong according to the properties

Why the table works Recall that protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and electrons are outside of the nucleus Electrons explain why some atoms bond to others to create compounds

Why the table works Electrons in the outer part of the atom are called valence electrons These electrons are shared or transferred (given away) when atoms of elements come together to make compounds

Why the table works Elements have different numbers of valence electrons Valence electrons increase from left to right on the periodic table Elements in each group (or family) have the same number or arrangement of valence electrons