Bell Ringer How did the new cartridges reflect British attitudes towards the Indians?

China Resists Outside Influence 12.1

China and the West Felt superior to foreigners Not willing to trade Largely self-sufficient Quick-growing strain of rice Mining and manufacturing industries Produced silks, cotton, and porcelain

Tea-Opium Connection Opium was 1st product Chinese wanted 1835: 12 million addicted 1839: Opium War – lost 1842: Signed Treaty of Nanjing Hong Kong Extraterritorial rights

Growing Internal Problems Population growing – food not 1830s: Taiping Rebellion Led by Hong Xiuquan Share wealth and no poverty British/French helped bring down rebellion 20 million died

Foreign Influence Grows Debate over how to handle foreign intervention Dowager Empress Cixi led self-strengthening movement Update education, military, and industries

Sphere of Influence Foreign nations taking advantage of China Controlled trade/investment U.S. feared being shut out 1899: Signed Open Door Policy Protected trading rights