The Skeletal System:

The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system ______________ Joints _____________________ Ligaments (bone to bone)(tendon=bone to muscle) Divided into two divisions _______________skull, spinal column Appendicular skeleton – ______________

Functions of Bones _______________________ Protection of soft organs Movement due to attached skeletal muscles ______________________ Blood cell formation Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Bones of the Human Body The skeleton has ___________ bones Two basic types of bone tissue __________bone Homogeneous (same) __________ bone Small needle-like pieces of bone Many open spaces Figure 5.2b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Bones are classified by their shape: ________- bones are longer than they are wide (arms, legs) Short- usually square in shape, cube like (wrist, ankle) Flat- _______________________________________ ____________- odd shapes (vertebrae, pelvis)

Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1

Types of Bone Cells _______________ Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Mature bone cells Osteoblasts _________________ Osteoclasts ________________ Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium Bone remodeling is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Axial skeleton supports and protects organs of head, neck and trunk -skull (cranium and facial bones) -hyoid bone (anchors tongue and muscles associated with swallowing) -_______________________(vertebrae and disks) - bony thorax (ribs and sternum)

Appendicular skeleton includes bones of limbs and bones that anchor them to the axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton: pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula) ___________(arms) pelvic girdle (sacrum, coccyx) ______________(legs) ______________- where joints meet, connect, and are formed.

The Axial Skeleton Forms the longitudinal part of the body Divided into three parts ______________ Vertebral Column _____________ Slide 5.20a

The Axial Skeleton Figure 5.6 Slide 5.20b

Joints A joint, or articulation, is the place where two bones come together. _____________- Immovable:connect bones, no movement. (skull and pelvis). Cartilaginous- _____________, bones are attached by cartilage, a little movement (spine or ribs). ____________- freely movable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints. Cavities between bones are filled with synovial fluid. This fluid helps lubricate and protect the bones.

The Synovial Joint Figure 5.28 Slide 5.51

Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Figure 5.29a–c Slide 5.52a

Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Figure 5.29d–f Slide 5.52b

Types of Joints Hinge- 
_____________________________________________. (Elbow, Knee)

________________
A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders. (Hip, Shoulder)

Gliding- __________________________________________ Gliding- 
__________________________________________. Mid-carpal and mid-tarsal joints are gliding joints. (Hands, Feet)

__________- This type of joint occurs when the touching surfaces of two bones have both concave and convex regions with the shapes of the two bones complementing one other and allowing a wide range of movement._______________

_______________- -a freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis. The moving bone rotates within a ring that is formed from a second bone and adjoining ligament. -Pivot joints allow for ____________, protraction, retraction, twist, flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

Joint Type Movement at joint Examples Hinge   Pivot Ball and Socket Saddle Condyloid Gliding