Standard 13: The Politics of Geography, or Political Geography It would be much easier to understand the world if this postcard image was all we had to think about! 1

States and Nations State – independent; boundaries; recognized Nation – culture group or people w/ common ancestry; in the US and in Arizona, Indian nations are an example of this concept. Nation-States - France, Egypt, and Japan are examples of nation-states. There are some States which have two nations, such as Canada and Belgium. Map of Central US States from: https://www1.nga.mil/kids/geoint/info/Pages/ModelingtheEarth.aspx Map of Indian Nations from: http://mappery.com/map-of/Tribes-of-Indian-Nation-Map

Where and how does Arizona fit into the US and world puzzle? American Indian Nations in Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community Cocopah Tribe Colorado River Indian Tribes Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation Fort Mojave Indian Tribe Gila River Indian Community Havasupai Tribe Hopi Tribe Hualapai Tribe Kaibab-Paiute Tribe Navajo Nation Pascua Yaqui Tribe Quechan Tribe Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community San Carlos Apache Tribe San Juan Southern Paiute Tohono O'odham Nation Tonto Apache Tribe White Mountain Apache Tribe Yavapai-Apache Nation Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe Puzzle image from: http://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/arizona-state.html Post card image from: http://thelaptoptraveler.blogspot.com/2009_12_01_archive.html List of Arizona Indian Nations from: http://www.az.nrcs.usda.gov/partnerships/indiannations.html

The Great Lakes Compact illustrates how states and two independent countries can cooperate around a very important issue that might otherwise be cause for conflict: The use and maintenance and protection of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. Protecting the Great Lakes image from: http://www.in.gov/dnr/water/5216.htm “The Great Lakes – St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact is an agreement between eight Great Lakes states and two Canadian provinces to regulate diversion of water from the Great Lakes basin. The goal is to provide protection and sustainable use of the Great Lakes for future generations. The above photo shows a sunset framing the Michigan City Lighthouse on Lake Michigan.” Map of Great Lakes Compact Region from: http://www.in.gov/dnr/greatlakes/

Enlightened Self-Interest Book Cover for Democracy in America from: http://www.amazon.com/Democracy-America-Alexis-Tocqueville/dp/0872204944 Picture of the Dalai Lama from: http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/no-going-it-alone-in-the-21st-century/2007/06/21/1182019283627.html Passage below from “Rethinking the Economics of Self-Interests,” by John Ikerd, University of Missouri, at: http://web.missouri.edu/~ikerdj/papers/Rethinking.html “Enlightened self-interests includes narrow self-interest (which focuses on individual possessions) but it includes also interests that are shared, in which one has only partial ownership (which focuses on relationships, community, and social values) and interests that are purely altruistic (which focuses on interests that are solely others’, which one pursues only out of a sense of stewardship, ethics, or morality). All three – self-interests, shared-interests, and altruistic-interests -- contribute to one’s well being or quality of life, but not in the same sense that greed might enhance one’s material success. Each contributes to a more enlightened sense of quality of life – which explicitly recognizes that each individual is but a part of the whole of society, which in turn must conform to some higher order of things or code of natural laws. The Dalai Lama of Tibet puts it in slightly different terms, "If you think in a deeper way that you are going to be selfish, then be wisely selfish, not narrow-mindedly selfish. From that viewpoint, the key thing is the sense of universal responsibility, that is, the real source of strength, the real source of happiness. From that perspective, if in our generation we exploit every available thing, trees, water, mineral resources, or anything, without bothering about the next generation, about the future, that’s our guilt, isn’t it? So if we have a genuine sense of universal responsibility as the central motivation and principle, then from that direction our relations with the environment will be well balanced. Similarly with every aspect of relationships: our relations with our neighbors, our family neighbors and country neighbors, will be balanced from that direction" (p. 179) This enlightened self-interest is a product of balance among narrow self-interests, community or shared-interests, and altruistic or other-interests. Enlightened self-interest means that we cannot simply maximize or minimize any one particular aspect or dimension of our lives. We cannot be driven solely by greed, by altruism, or by concern for community. Instead we must pay conscious attention to whether we are adequately meeting our needs as individuals, as members of some larger community or society, and as moral, ethically responsible humans. Quality of life is a consequence of harmony or balance among the three. The transformation of human society from one driven by the economics of short-run self interests to one lead by the economics of enlightenment will not happen overnight, and it may not happen without struggle and strife. But none the less, it must happen. The transformation may happen peacefully or may arise out of the turmoil of an economic collapse . It has already begun, although it may take decades to complete. But, each of us can begin the transformation for ourselves whenever we choose. We can get off of the treadmill that keeps us running faster and faster as we get farther and farther behind. We can choose at any time to search for balance and harmony in our lives and in our work rather than continue the blind pursuit of our narrow self interest. We can choose a life of quality -- with enough income to sustain us physically, enough friends and neighbors to sustain us socially, following a code of ethics and morality that will sustain us spiritually. We can choose to pursue our enlightened self interest rather than simply give in to our greed. We can set examples and build models that others may choose to follow. We can develop the foundation of reality upon which new theories for an economics of enlightened self interest can be built. We can help guide humanity toward a sustainable future. And, we can do it at anytime we choose.”

Six major dams on the Lower Colorado The Colorado River Compact region (left), & the Central Arizona Project - CAP (below left), which moves water from the Colorado River to the Valley through a canal (above). Map of Colorado River Basin from: http://watersim.asu.edu/watersimbackground.aspx “The Colorado River is a major source of water for the central Arizona region. The map shows the geographic extent of the river basin within the United States. Seven states and Mexico share water from this river based on the Colorado River Compact, put in place in 1922. The Central Arizona Project canal re-directs a portion of the river to Phoenix and Tucson via a canal that starts at Lake Havasu City.” The compact divides the river basin into two areas, the Upper Division (Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming) and the Lower Division (Nevada, Arizona and California). Picture of CAP from: http://ag.arizona.edu/AZWATER/azmap/cap.html Map of dams on the Lower Colorado from: http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/CTW/ColoradoRiverDams.jpeg Mexican woman on the edge of the Colorado River from: http://marketplace.publicradio.org/standard/display/slideshow.php?ftr_id=77490&slide=2 Arizona’s Central Arizona Project (CAP) Mexico, at the mouth of the Rio Colorado

“Boswash” Map of Rail Stops from Boston to Washington D.C. from: http://www.railpassengerusa.com/routes/NEC2route.php The densely populated corridor from Boston to Washington, D.C. is referred to as a megalopolis - which means a group of cities or a long string of metropolitan areas in a region connected by transportation, communications and economics. 7

Spatial Divisions Map of Alaska from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1183/alaska.html Map of Hawaiian Islands from: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Hawaii/Maps/map_location_hawaii.html Map of the North/South Divide in the Civil War from: http://www.alamo.edu/pac/faculty/pmyers/hist1302/1301Theme15.html#map Map of Illinois broken into counties and municipalities from: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/06mar/02.cfm Map of Texas counties from: http://www.fws.gov/southwest/clearlakees/EndangeredSpecies.htm

Map of Leading Church Bodies, 2000, from: http://maps. unomaha

More Land Use… Some land is sacred, like burial grounds, cemeteries, & places of worship. Picture of Entrance to the Ojibwa Indian Burial Grounds in Michigan from: http://greatlakesgazette.wordpress.com/2009/04/01/april-fools-fun/ Sign of the Old Negro Burial Ground from the Historical Marker Database at: http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=25960 Map of Bureau of Land Management Public Lands and Office Locations from: http://www.ntc.blm.gov/leadership/orientation/answer02.htm Some land is utilitarian – mined, fished, deforested, or hunted.

Arizona land use map image from: http://www. maps. com/ref_map. aspx Map of Phoenix ‘villages’ (municipalities) from: http://www.best-phoenix-real-estate.com/phoenix-az-real-estate.html

Home Owner Associations Gangs Strip Malls Home Owner Associations Gangs Photo of Strip Mall from: http://www.cpmra.muohio.edu/marketstudy/pictures.htm Home Owners Association (HOA) Meeting Announcement Picture from: http://creektrails.org/images/HOA%20Meeting%20Sign%20Scrubbed.jpg

By Elizabeth Larson, PhD Lecturer, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, 2011