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Section 2: People and Their Environment Introduction Section 1: The Economy Section 2: People and Their Environment Summary Chapter Menu

Countries are affected by their relationships with each other Countries are affected by their relationships with each other. North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia contain a large share of the world’s oil and natural gas. A study of the region will explain how its natural resources influence the global economy and what challenges the region faces. Chapter Intro 1

Section 1: The Economy How has the presence of oil affected the economies of the countries in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia?  Chapter Intro 2

Section 2: People and Their Environment How have technology and war impacted the environment in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia? Chapter Intro 3

Chapter Preview-End

The Economy How has the presence of oil affected the economies of the countries in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia? Section 1-GTR

The Economy arable landlocked embargo commodity crude oil petrochemical economic strategic energy Section 1-GTR

The Economy A. Istanbul B. Gulf of Aqaba C. Strait of Hormuz D. Baku E. Batumi Section 1-GTR

The Economy Petroleum is also referred to as what? A. Black earth B. Black gold C. Black oil A B C Section 1

Economic Activities Economic activities in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia are influenced by oil, natural gas, and water. Only a small part of the region’s land is arable, yet a large percentage of the population works in agriculture. Section 1

Economic Activities (cont.) Agriculture and fishing: Cereal crops Citrus fruits Grapes Olives Dates Cotton Section 1

Economic Activities (cont.) Silkworms Potatoes Tea Sardines Mackerel Total Land Area vs. Arable Land (selected countries) Section 1

Economic Activities (cont.) Industry: Petroleum and oil products Natural gas Coal and copper mining North Africa, Southwest Asia, Central Asia: Economic Activity Section 1

Economic Activities (cont.) Service industries: Banking, real estate, and insurance industries Tourism Section 1

How much of the world’s oil supply comes from this region? A. 30% B. 40% C. 50% D. 60% A B C D Section 1

Transportation and Communications Advancements in transportation and communications are improving throughout the region, but the physical environment and government control have limited some development. Road systems are unevenly distributed across the region. Section 1

Transportation and Communications (cont.) Some governments have built rapid-transit systems and railroads. The growth of the air travel industry has benefited the region. Section 1

Transportation and Communications (cont.) Water transportation is vital to the region: The Strait of Tiran The Strait of Hormuz The Suez Canal Waterways and Oil Pipelines Section 1

Transportation and Communications (cont.) Pipelines are another important transportation system. Communications: Television and radio broadcasting is expanding, although government control still limits programming in some areas. Wireless service and solar-powered radiophones are bringing telephone service to more people. Section 1

Transportation and Communications (cont.) Cell phones are common in major cities. Some areas have computer and Internet access. Section 1

Transportation and Communications (cont.) Two new silk roads: Telecommunications highway (cable that follows the Silk Road) Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACECA) also follows the Silk Road. Section 1

Which landforms make building roads difficult in this region? A. Mountains and deserts B. Rivers and mountains C. Lakes and forests D. Tundra and deserts A B C D Section 1

Trade and Interdependence Interdependence among the countries of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia is growing, as is the region’s interdependence with the rest of the world. Good transportation and communications networks are increasing the interaction between countries in this region. Oil Reserves in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia, 2006 Section 1

Trade and Interdependence (cont.) More developed countries are lending money to less developed countries. The U.S.-Central Asia trade council has strengthened relationships. Eight of the region’s oil-producing countries have become a majority of OPEC. World Oil Prices, 1980–2009 Section 1

B. For refusing to export products to Iraq C. For invading Kuwait During the 1970s, OPEC placed an embargo on shipments of oil to the U.S. for what reason? A. For aiding Israel B. For refusing to export products to Iraq C. For invading Kuwait D. None of the above A B C D Section 1

Section 1-End

People and Their Environment How have technology and war impacted the environment in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia? Section 2-GTR

People and Their Environment aquifer desalination capacity regime project Section 2-GTR

People and Their Environment A. Aswān High Dam B. Elburz Mountains C. Aral Sea Section 2-GTR

People and Their Environment Do you know which country has the most problems in this region? A. Iraq B. Iran C. Afghanistan D. Egypt A B C D Section 2

Managing Resources Growing populations in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia severely strain the already scarce water resources. Water resources: Rivers Oases Aquifers Section 2

Managing Resources (cont.) Desalination is an important process in order to meet the need for freshwater. Libya’s Great Man-Made River is an ambitious effort to supply freshwater. The Importance of Freshwater in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia Section 2

The region has about which percentage of the world’s freshwater-production capacity? Section 2

Human Impact New technologies and destructive wars have increased environmental problems in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia. Positive impact of the Aswān High Dam: Controls the Nile’s floods Irrigates around 3 million acres of land Section 2

Human Impact (cont.) Supplies some of Egypt’s electricity Created the world’s largest human-made lake, Lake Nasser Section 2

Human Impact (cont.) Negative impacts of dam: Loss of alluvial soil The land retains salt. The health of people and their livestock suffers. Section 2

Human Impact (cont.) Negative impacts of war effecting the environment: Iraqi troops set fire to 700 oil wells. Iraqi troops dumped about 250 million gallons of oil into the Persian Gulf. Recent oil slick damaged Lebanese coast and Mediterranean Sea Section 2

Human Impact (cont.) Three seas troubled by environmental problems: The Caspian Sea The Aral Sea The Dead Sea Section 2

Human Impact (cont.) Nuclear and chemical dangers: Kazakhstan was once home to Soviet nuclear bases and heavy industry, and is still severely affected by radiation and pollution. People in Kyrgyzstan also suffer from pollution. Radioactive and Chemical Hazards in Central Asia Section 2

What percentage of the Dead Sea’s feeder rivers is diverted for irrigation and hydroelectric plants? B. 70% C. 80% D. 90% A B C D Section 2

Section 2-End

Black Gold! • The region of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia contains more oil than all other world regions combined. • As more and more countries become industrialized, the demand for oil has increased, making countries with large oil reserves very wealthy. • Most of the oil-producing countries in the region have joined OPEC and help set the supply and price of oil around the world. VS 1

Water in the Desert? VS 2

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the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus DFS Trans 1

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arable suitable for growing crops Vocab1

commodity goods produced for sale Vocab2

crude oil unrefined petroleum Vocab3

petrochemical chemical product derived from petroleum or natural gas Vocab4

landlocked enclosed or nearly enclosed by land Vocab5

embargo a ban on trade Vocab6

aquifer underground water-bearing layers of porous rock, sand, or gravel Vocab7

desalination the removal of salt from seawater to make it usable for drinking and farming Vocab8

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