English 9: Reading & Writing workshop Grammar

Scope and Sequence for the year NOTE: To change images on this slide, select a picture and delete it. Then click the Insert Picture icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. Scope and Sequence for the year Subject verb agreement Verbs: action, linking, & verb phrases Capitalization: title, place, & direction Direct & Indirect Objects Punctuation: Comma, Quotations, & apostrophes

agreement When a word refers to one person or thing it is singular. When the word refers to more than one it is plural.

Subject verb agreement A verb or verb phrase should agree with its subject in number Singular subject = singular verb The duck swims for the piece of bread. Tip: single verbs often end in -s

Subject verb agreement Do now exercise 2 1-10 Finish for homework Plural subject = plural verb The ducks swim for the bread. Nouns & pronouns ending –s are plural

Warriner’s 4th 109

The number of the subject is not changed by a phrase following the subject. Do not be confused when a phrase comes between the subject and verb One| of the girls| is going. S PP V One of the girls is going. Both girls in the family are in the chorus. Both girls | in the family| are | in the chorus. S PP V PP

Miss Walsh, with her two sisters, has gone to visit friends. Prepositional Phrases beginning with: together with, with, in addition to, as well as, and along with do not affect the number of the verb. Miss Walsh, with her two sisters, has gone to visit friends. Miss Walsh, with her two sisters, has gone to visit friends. The star, as well as the producer and the director, was a little nervous on opening night. The star, as well as the producer and the director, was a little nervous on opening night. Do now exercise 3 1-10 Homework finish

They are indefinite pronouns because they are general or vague. These are singular pronouns: each, either, neither, one, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, someone, somebody They are indefinite pronouns because they are general or vague. One of the uniforms is blue. One| of the uniforms| is blue. Each was working on a project. Each | was working on a project. Everybody takes English. Everybody in both classes takes English.

The following pronouns are plural: several, few, both, many Several of the girls are discouraged. Several of the girls are discouraged. Both have given up. Both have given up.

The pronouns some, all any, most, and none, may be either singular or plural depending on the meaning of the sentences Some refers to cargo – cargo is singular so some is singular Some of the cargo was lost. Some of the books were lost. Some refers to books – Books is plural SO Some is plural

Do now Finish for homework

Agreement with compound subject Most compound subjects joined by and take a plural verb Zac and Jacquie do the gardening. Few compound subjects joined by and name a single person or thing therefore take a singular verb Ham and eggs is my favorite dish. Naming one dish Peanut butter and jelly is my favorite sandwich!

Singular subjects joined by or or nor take a singular verb. Neither rain nor snow stops the delivery of mail. When a singular subject and plural subject are joined by or or nor the verb agrees with the nearer subject. Neither their brother nor the girls want to go to the pool. Neither the girls nor their brother wants to go to the pool.

Do now: 1-10 Finish for homework

A verb agrees with its subject, not with its predicate nominative A requirement for safe driving is good tires. A verb agrees with its subject, not with its predicate nominative

When the subject follows the verb – as with sentences beginning with there and here – anticipate the subject and make sure the verb agrees. There are fourteen thousand people in my town.

Do now: 1-10 Finish for homework

Fifteen dollars was too much to pay for the sweater. Words stating amount are usually singular Fifteen dollars was too much to pay for the sweater. Every or many a before a word or a series of words is followed by a singular verb. Every man, woman, and child is proud of the city Don’t and doesn’t must agree with their subject I don’t want to go. He doesn’t know the answer yet.

Review Ex A

Pronoun Antecedent Agreement

A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number. masculine Boy, bull, rooster Russ left his phone in the car. Ali washed her car this weekend. Feminine Girl, cow, her Room, book, house Gender Neutral When you find the book bring it with you. The soldiers want their pay.

These are singular : each, either, neither one, everyone, no one, anyone, someone everybody, nobody, somebody Singular pronoun Each of the planes kept its place in the formation. Everyone in the club cast his vote for pizza.

Two of more singular subjects joined by or or nor take a singular pronoun. Neither Kait nor Jacquie brought her boots with her. Two or more antecedents joined by and should be referred to by a plural pronoun The captain and the sergeant have their wits about them.

Do now exercise 14 & 15 Homework exercise B & C

Case of pronouns Case is the form a noun/pronoun takes to indicate its use in a sentence. English-> 3 cases: nominative, objective, & possessive The form of the noun is the same for nominative & objective case. Nominative Case (subject) The student gave her speech Objective case (indirect object) Give the student your attention.

3rd person indicates gender

Nominative case pronouns 15a: The subject of the verb is in the nominative case. I organized the file cabinets. I is the subject of organized. Ava and she raked leaves. Ava and she are the compound subject of raked They saw that we worked hard on the project. They is the subject of saw & we is the subject of worked TIP: pronoun in a compound subject try it as a single subject to identify the proper pronoun

Do now ex. 6 1-10 A 1-10 Finish for homework

15 d: Object of a preposition, direct object, or indirect object is in the objective case The pronouns me, him, her, us, and them are in objective case.

Direct and Indirect objects 43-46 Warrnier’s

Direct Objects Do now ex 14: 1-4 D.O. answers the question “WHAT?” or “WHOM?” after the action verb. A word or group of words that directly receive the action expressed by the verb or shows the results of the action Action verbs : Mental action: think, believe, imagine Physical action: run, jump, hit Direct Objects Do now ex 14: 1-4 The dentist cleaned my teeth. s. V d.o.

Indirect objects Exercise 15 1-4 1st identify the prepositions, subject, verb, & direct object. Noun or pronoun in the predicate that comes before the direct object The teacher gave me some grammar lessons. Tells “to whom” or “for whom” the action of the verb is done. Dad baked me a cake. Indirect objects

With her Beside you and me Next to me A noun/pronoun used as an object of a preposition comes at the end of a phrase that begins with the preposition With her Beside you and me Next to me

Verb Tense Warriner’s 159-165

Verbs change form to show the time of the action or Verb Tense Verbs change form to show the time of the action or the idea they express Time indicated by the form of the verb is called tense There are 6 tenses formed from the principal parts of the verb (conjugating of the verb)

Action Verbs Warriner’s 11-12

Linking Verbs Warriner’s 13-14, 153

Verb Phrase Warriner’s 14-15

Capitalization Warriner’s 357-74, 410-411

Punctuation comma, quotation marks, & apostrophes Warriner’s Comma 379-89, 392-93, 411-12 quotation marks 410-15 Apostrophes 416-19, 421-24