Nutrition

Bioenergetic strategies Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

Adaptations Hollow tube: mosquito Tentacles Claws teeth

Oxidation of foods Proteins: 4kcal/gram Carbohydrates: 4kcal/gram Fat: 9Kcal/gram Kcal = 1,000 calories Laymen terms Kcal called a calorie

Evolution Cnidarians and flatworms Gastrovascular cavity: does both: Digestion and distribution

Some vocab Peristalsis Sphincter Pancreas: makes most catabolic enzymes. Then dumped into small intestine Gallbladder: stores the enzymes until dumped Liver: detoxifies (peroxizomes). stores glycogen strong rejuvenate powers

Alimentary canal Mouth: teeth Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Saliva: amylase breaks starches Stomach Pepsinogen to pepsin by acids Pepsin breaks down proteins Small intestine Microvilli. Most nutrients absorbed Large intestine Most water reabsorbed

Symbiosis adaptations Birds: crop: esoph. Pouch w/ bacteria and protists Gizzard: other pouch w/ small rocks to grind food. No teeth. Horses: cecum. Pouch in intestine Ruminants: cattle, sheep Actually get nutrients from consuming the symbiotic bacteria and protists

Homeostasis When blood glucose is high: Blood glucose low Insulin secreted from beta cells of pancreas Helps body cells take up glucose Stim storage of gluc. As glycogen in liver and muscles Blood glucose low Pancreas secrete glucagon Break down glycogen in liver and muscles