The growth of the CCP 1921-34 Period of greatest growth? How important were the Soviet Union? When was Mao at his most influential during this period? The greatest triumph for the CCP The greatest disaster for the CCP

The GMD Campaign against the CCP 1927-1934

The GMD’s strategy 5 encirclement campaigns Started in 1930 Advised by German advisor – General Hans Von Seeckt Aim was to besiege and destroy the communist soviets in Jiangxi, Hubei and Shaanxi Build roads to increase military mobility Blockade enemy by moving peasants into villages they could control Building of blockhouses

CCP’s response Anti-encirclement campaigns Guerrilla Warfare Counter-attacking Use of peasant population to defend their positions Internal power struggle. Mao, Zhu De and Wang Ming the main leaders Mao prominent leader of 1st 3 campaigns Wang Ming and Zhou Enlai led the 4th and 5th campaigns

CCP Tactics When the enemy advances, we retreat! When the enemy halts and makes camp, we trouble them! When the enemy seeks to avoid battle, we attack! When the enemy retreats, we pursue! BUT GMD troops able to capture Communist villages 1 million+ peasants killed or starved to death

The Results 1st 4 campaigns won by the CCP After 3rd campaign Jiangxi declared Chinese Soviet Republic – Mao as chairman 1932-33 communists from the cities forced to move to Jiangxi Zhou Enlai takes control of CCP with Otto Braun and Bo Gu Policy changes in Jiangxi – loss of support

GMD Victory 1934 CKS headed an army of 1 million Built blockhouses encircling Jiangxi The “Three Man Committee” ordered Red Army to attack forts but lost 60,000 men GMD marched into Jiangxi OCT 1934 - after intelligence received TMC makes decision for 80,000 to escape to base in Yanan thousands of miles away in Shanxi “The Chinese Red Army ... Has chosen to march North to resist the Japanese.”

The Long March 1934-35 Read pages 57-60 Take notes on Why it took place What happened Why the CCP “succeeded” What were the consequences Make sure you have mentioned; Zunyi conference, crossing of the Dadu River and the Great Snow Mountains, the role of Mao.

Long March Propaganda

Mao on the Long March (1937) The Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history, it is a manifesto, a propaganda force, a seeding-machine. … The Long March is a manifesto. It has proclaimed to the world that the Red Army is an army of heroes, while the imperialists and their running dogs, Chiang Kai-shek and his like, are impotent. It has proclaimed their utter failure to encircle, pursue, obstruct and intercept us. The Long March is also a propaganda force. It has announced to some 200 million people in eleven provinces that the road of the Red Army is their only road to liberation. Without the Long March, how could the broad masses have learned so quickly about the existence of the great truth which the Red Army embodies? The Long March is also a seeding-machine. In the eleven provinces it has sown many seeds which will sprout, leaf, blossom, and bear fruit, and will yield a harvest in the future.