29.3-World War I: Global Conflict
Gallipoli Campaign As war moved on-moved beyond Europe Gallipoli campaign was strategy by Allies to conquer Ottoman Empire Idea was to establish supply line to Russia Campaign ended in stalemate- 250,000 casualties
Africa & Asia German colonies in Africa and Asia became under assault England and France took control of three of the four German African possessions British and French recruited subjects from their colonies for the struggle Most joined in hopes of independence and hopes of ridding of colonial rule
US Situation Germans began sinking all ships travelling in Atlantic-unrestricted submarine warfare Began policy in 1915-recontinued it in 1917 and sank 3 American ships including Lusitania Also Zimmermann Telegram-if Mexico joined in war effort would get land back they had lost to US US already close to Allies-joined in war effort against Germany
Total War WWI became total war-country dedicates all their resources to war effort Governments took control of economy Unemployment almost non-existent- people working as soldiers, ammunition factories, etc. Use of rationing to restrict how much people bought of a certain good Also use of propaganda-one-sided information on the war-keep public support up
Women Total war meant governments looked to men to take jobs in factories, etc. Worked in factories-also as nurses, cooks for soldiers, etc. Jobs did not last after war ended-many countries gave women suffrage after war for their efforts
Russian Situation With US entering war-clear Allies had big advantage Russia-large famine and problems-Czar Nicholas forced to resign New government continued to fight war-Russia already had 5.5 million deaths-army refused to fight Revolution took place under Communist Vladimir Lenin Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- ended Russia’s war with Germany
Collapse of Central Powers With Russian surrender-Germany sent almost all troops to W. Front One last attack to France- advanced far but severely weakened and exhausted Help of American troops-Allies able to pushback and advance to Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany stepped down-new government signed armistice with France to end war
Legacy of WWI Entirely new war-new weapons, technology, etc. Huge loss of life-8.5 million deaths-21 million wounded Also large amount of civilians killed as well Huge economic price-$338 billion- houses, buildings, etc. destroyed Biggest legacy-peace agreement- Treaty of Versailles