The Great War Begins

M.A.I.N. Causes Militarism Building of large armies, stockpiling weapons, glorification of military Ex: Anglo-German naval arms race Creates sense of confidence in power, desire to use military

M.A.I.N. Causes Alliance System System of agreements for defense Small conflicts become big ones, pull other countries in

M.A.I.N. Causes Alliance System Bismarck’s Alliances (Germany) System of agreements for defense Small conflicts become big ones, pull other countries in Bismarck’s Alliances (Germany) Allies with Austria-Hungary, Italy creating the “Triple Alliance” Alliance with Russia isolates France, avoids 2 front war Kaiser Wilhelm II fires Bismarck, doesn’t renew alliance with Russia Russia allies with France, Britain promises not to fight them creating the “Triple Entente”

M.A.I.N. Causes Imperialism Race for empire creates competition between European countries Industrialization creates competition German surpasses British industry

M.A.I.N. Causes Nationalism Devotion to one’s country or people Can unify nations or break apart empires “The Balkans Powder Keg”

M.A.I.N. Causes Nationalism Devotion to one’s country or people Can unify nations or break apart empires B. “The Balkans Powder Keg” 1. Austria-Hungary controls land lost by Ottoman Empire 2. Slavic peoples in those places resent Austrian rule, desire Slavic nation “Pan-Slavism” a. Based in Serbia, Promoted by Russia

Immediate Cause The Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand 6/28/1914 in Sarajevo Shot by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian (Slavic) nationalist A Member of “The Black Hand,” Slavic nationalist group desiring independence

Road to War Franz Ferdinand Assassinated Austria-Hungary demands to enter Serbia to investigate Serbia Refuses with promised support from Russia Germany gives A-H a “Blank Check” Austria declares war on Serbia 7/28/14 Russia mobilizes troops Germany declares war on Russia, then France

Schlieffen Plan

Germany asks to pass through Belgium to attack France, Belgium refuses Germany goes anyway, drawing Britain into war Germany slows, fights on two fronts Italy switches sides

The Great War Continues

The Western Front

Western Front Battle of the Marne- halts German advance Stalemate Dooms Germany to 2 front war Stalemate Neither side able to gain advantage due to trench warfare

Western Front High Casualties- A war of attrition Little Movement Ex: Verdun: 600,000 casualties (French) Ex: Somme: 20,000 British dead on first day Little Movement Verdun gains 4 mi. Somme gains 5 mi.

Eastern Front More Mobile war Russia Weakens due to high casualties Not industrialized shortages of war materials German U-Boats prevent aid from allies Ties up Germany Austrians defeat the Italians

Rest of the World Fighting in Africa & Asia Middle East Japan takes Germany’s possessions Fighting between colonies in Africa Middle East British T.E. Lawrence helps Arabs fight Ottomans Armenian genocide by the Turks Australians try to take Gallipoli To resupply the Russians Defeated

The Great War Continues

Total War The use of nearly all civilian and military resources for the war effort War economies Women take men’s place in factories Governments control factories and rails for war effort Industrialists make millions Rationing Government limits on consumption Daylight Saving Time Propaganda Gov. advertising to persuade population

US Joins the War 1917 Unrestricted Sub Warfare 1915 & 1917 U-Boats sink ships with Americans

US Joins the War 1917 Unrestricted Sub Warfare 1915 & 1917 U-Boats sink ships with Americans (The Lusitania) Zimmerman Telegram 1917 German backup plan threatens US Financial incentives 1914-1917 US loaned money to Allies Russian Revolution 1917 Now monarchies Vs. democracies

Russia Exits the War 1917 Civil Unrest leads to new government Democracy Vows to keep fighting Revolution later that year Led by Vladimir Lenin, makes Russia Communist Signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, Russia out of war Allows Germany to concentrate on West

The End German advance stops at the Marne Allies counter attack Helped by fresh American troops Kaiser Abdicates due to mutiny

Armistice Ceasefire 11AM on November 11th

Results 8.5 million military dead 21 million wounded $338 Billion