AP European History Androstic 2012-2013 World War I 1914 - 1918 AP European History Androstic 2012-2013

Viewpoints of the War “The Great War” “The War to End all Wars” “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy”

Introduction World War I is a pivot point in European History It will bring the end of the Victorian era and usher in the problems of modern Europe Topics International Anarchy War! End of the War

Causes of the War Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Crises Morocco Fashoda Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

International Anarchy

1. Why were both the French and the British concerned about German aspirations after 1870?

2. Explain how the Continent became divided by 1894 into two opposing camps.

Alliances

Imperialism

3. How were European international affected in the years 1905 to 1913 by the crises over Morocco and the Balkans?

Nationalism

Crises Fashoda Morocco Balkans

Balkans - Powder Keg of Europe

“The Spark”

                                                                                   Gavrilo Princip

4. How did the Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand lead to the outbreak of a general European war?

Mobilization

“Who’s to Blame?”

Read a section of “Statements at the Outbreak of War” and consider these issues: 1. Was this nation waging defensive war? 2. What emphasis was placed on national honor? 3. What appeals were made to divine assistance? 4. What efforts were made to preserve peace? 5. What references were made to obligations to support alliances? 6. Who does this nation blame for the outbreak of war?

WAR!

Cheerful German soldiers on the train to the front

Advance of French soldiers into the war surrounded by an enthusiastic crowd

The Schlieffen Plan

1. What happened to the German Schlieffen Plan when it was put into action? How did the battle of Marne affect the character of the war?

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

What were some ways the belligerents tried to gain the advantage in this stalemate?

New Weapons

Battle of Verdun, February 1916 German offensive. Each side had 500,000 casualties

Battle of the Somme, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months

New Allies To break the stalemate, both sides looked for new allies Central Powers Bulgaria & Ottoman Turkey Allies Italy & Japan Arabs Gallipoli, 1915

Armenian Genocide

Lawrence with Prince Faisal Arab Revolt Lawrence with Prince Faisal T.E. Lawrence

Withdrawal of Russia Treaty of Brest- Litovsk

1. What effect did revolutionary events in Russia in 1917 have on the First World War? Explain the significance of the treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

2. Why did President Wilson change his opinion of the war 2. Why did President Wilson change his opinion of the war? Why did he call for American entry?

America Joins the Allies

3. What is suggested as the major significance of American participation in the war?

End of the War

11 am: November 11, 1918

World War I Casualties Pink – Russia Green – Germany Yellow – Austria – Hungary Blue – France Aqua – UK Light Pink – Italy Orange – Turkey Green – USA

Influenza Pandemic, 1918 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 worldwide died

1. What happened to the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the close of the war?

2. Describe the background to the abdication of the Kaiser.

Collapse of the Central Powers Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved into smaller states Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, etc Germany Power concentrated in the military at the end Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated Weimar Republic proclaimed Military felt it was stabbed in the back by the “democrats”

Summary Causes - M.A.I.N.-C. War End Trench Warfare & New Weapons Russia withdraws in 1917 American joins in 1917 End Austria-Hungary & Germany collapse Russia in a civil war The unimagined violence terrified all European states into thinking they should never do this again