THE FIRST MODERN WAR.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Civil War Firsts. Objectives 1. Describe the new inventions in warfare used during the Civil War. 2. Explain total war.
Advertisements

Objectives: Explain how new weapons made fighting the Civil War more dangerous. Describe the course of the war in the East in Describe the early.
Civil War Technology – Gatling Gun – Rifles with Long Muskets – Revolving Pistol – Railroads – Land Mines – Submarines – Air Balloons.
How was World War I fought? The war on the Western Front remained the most important for several reasons.
World War I: Battles & Technology
A Revolution in Warfare Lesson 19: The Civil War part 6.
Weapons of WW I.
Photographs and Lead: The Civil War’s Impact on Modern Medicine.
What were the causes of WWI? What are the cons of alliances? Why did the US get pulled into WWI? How did Wilson convince Americans that the war was a good.
Civil War Military Technology Long range cannons T The Union “Dictator” had a range of up to 2 miles & could be transported by rail Why was this weapon.
Weapons and Strategies of World War I The Schlieffen Plan ► Germany planned to beat France first then concentrate on Russia ► Was to be fast & fatal.
WORLD WAR 1 TRENCHES TO THE U.S.. THE TRENCHES Front line Communication Trench Support Trench Reserve trench Zig zag to prevent one range or distance.
THE FIRST MODERN WAR Why is the Civil War called the“first modern war”? Technological advancements in weaponry Improved communication techniques Faster.
Understand the impact of new military technologies. Understand the hardships faced by Union and Confederate soldiers.
MILITARY TECHNOLOGY OF THE CIVIL WAR Modern War. Railroad A relatively “new” technology at the timenew North had 22,000 miles of track (standard) South.
U. S. Civil War 1 st Modern War in History 1861—1865.
Ironclad – warships covered with protective iron plates casualty – a person killed, missing, or wounded in action Terms and People.
T ECHNOLOGY OF THE C IVIL W AR. F IRST M ODERN W AR Huge armies that required vast quantities of supplies & equipment 1 st war to feature Industrialized.
New Technology and the Legacy of the Civil War. Civil War Technology
1st Modern War in History 1861—1865
The Civil War Begins-Ft. Sumter
“It is well that war is so terrible… for we should grow too fond of it” --General Robert E. Lee.
The Civil War: Industrial Innovations The Revolver Officer’s sidearm or a cavalry weapon; effective at short range.Officer’s sidearm or a cavalry weapon;
The Civil War By #15. Introduction The North and South started a bloody Civil War The North and South fought in the most important battle in Gettysburg.
Inventions of the Civil War
Civil War Weapons Cannons Napoleon 12 pound shot Howitzer 12,
The First Modern War. The Two Armies After Bull Run George McClellan organizes the Union army into the Army of the Potomac The Confederates organize their.
LIFE IN THE ARMY CHAPTER 16, SECTION 2. KEY TERMS Hygiene – conditions and practices that promote health Rifle – a gun with a grooved barrel that causes.
“It is well that war is so terrible… for we should grow too fond of it” --General Robert E. Lee.
Fighting Erupts Chapter 11, Section 2 American Anthem.
World War I. Tactics of Trench Warfare  Generals in charge were trained to fight wars of movement  Each side would bombard the enemy with artillery.
WWI and Trench Warfare A Simulation Activity for the Classroom
War Front Element: Describe conditions on the war front for soldiers; include the Battle of Verdun. Vocabulary: Battle of Verdun, eastern front, trench.
New Technology Vs. Old Tactics
Objectives: Explain how new weapons made fighting the Civil War more dangerous. Describe the course of the war in the East in Describe the early.
Life in the War Ch. 16 Sec. 2.
Advances in Military Technology During the Civil War
Chapter 15 Section 2: The War in the East
Civil War Military Technology
War Front Element: Describe conditions on the war front for soldiers; include the Battle of Verdun. Vocabulary: Battle of Verdun, eastern front, trench.
COS Standard 4 Describe causes, events and the impact of military involvement of the US in WWI, including mobilization and economic and political changes.
Changes in weaponry in world war one-changes in modern warfare, changes in trench warfare and changes in naval warfare by ikra parvez.
Early Years of the War By: Austin and Julian.
Warm Up What were the causes of WWI? What are the cons of alliances?
The Civil War Chapter 15.
War Front Element: Describe conditions on the war front for soldiers; include the Battle of Verdun. Vocabulary: Battle of Verdun, eastern front, trench.
Technology! The Civil War is often referred to as the first modern war
Introduction Activity
Civil War Armaments & Technology
War Front Element: Describe conditions on the war front for soldiers; include the Battle of Verdun. Vocabulary: Battle of Verdun, eastern front, trench.
Terms and People ironclad – warships covered with protective iron plates casualty – a person killed, missing, or wounded in action.
Objectives: Explain how new weapons made fighting the Civil War more dangerous. Describe the course of the war in the East in Describe the early.
World War I: A New Kind of War
Technology and the 1800s Civil War Influence.
Weapons of the Great War
Homework Read Total War and underline 3 main ideas.
Changes and Problems of WWI
Chapter 15.2 Early Years of the War.
Objectives: Explain how new weapons made fighting the Civil War more dangerous. Describe the course of the war in the East in Describe the early.
Weapons of the Great War
Introduction Activity
Early Years of the Civil War
“The War To End All Wars”
“The War To End All Wars”
War Front Element: Describe conditions on the war front for soldiers; include the Battle of Verdun. Vocabulary: Battle of Verdun, eastern front, trench.
Early Years of the Civil War
Presentation transcript:

THE FIRST MODERN WAR

Why is the Civil War called the“first modern war”? Technological advancements in weaponry Improved communication techniques Faster transportation methods Improved medical and sanitation techniques

BATTLEFIELD TACTICS Although weapons had improved battle tactic had not changed in hundreds of years. Large armies were massed on opposite sides of a field. The advancing army moved across the field when they got close enough they charged (ran at) the enemy. Usually, the battle ended with bayonets and hand-to-hand combat.

BATTLEFIELD TACTICS (con’t) Because weapons advanced and tactics did not the Civil War was the deadliest war in American History. More Americans died in the Civil War than all other wars combined. More Americans died in the first day at the battle of Antietam than in all previous US wars.

ADVANCES IN WEAPONRY: The minnie ball The standard bullet used by troops during the Civil War It is .57 caliber and made of soft lead in combination with a rifled-musket it made traditional battlefield techniques obsolete The single most deadly advance in weapons

Artillery: smoothbore vs. rifling As with shoulder weapons, smoothbore cannons were not as accurate and could not shoot as far as rifled artillery.

The three types of artillery Cannons Howitzers Mortars

Cannons Cannons or guns, as they were sometimes called were fired in a relatively flat trajectory. These were generally used as anti-personnel weapons.

Howitzers Howitzers were used against both personnel and field fortifications

Mortars Mortars came in sizes from small (2-man unit) to so large that they needed to be mounted on rail cars and could fire shells weighing more than 200 pounds. The high trajectory allowed these to shoot over field fortifications

Other innovations in weapons… The first “Air Force”??? Balloons were used by the North to spot enemy troops movements and to spot for artillery. At a height of a mile of more, the balloonists “talked” to the ground via a light telegraph wire.

Other innovations in weapons... hand grenade flame thrower machine gun anti-aircraft fire (see balloons) land mines railroad artillery repeating rifles Rotating gun turrets use of periscopes telescopic sight for rifles Torpedoes Portable bridges

Other innovations in weapons… The Ketchum (left) and Excelsior hand grenades

Other innovations in weapons... A Civil War “torpedo” (we would call them sea mines) The Gatling gun- the first workable machine gun

Improvements in battlefield techniques….. Aerial reconnaissance field trenches on a grand scale military telegraph coded battle signals wire and spear entanglements Portable bridges

The NEW Navy: The battle of the ironclads Confederate engineers bolted on iron plates to the Merrimack, building a warship more powerful than anything the North had. Union cannon shells simply bounced off the Merrimack. News of this monster quickly spread to the North. The North responded by building the Monitor. On March 8, the Merrimack attack and sunk or disabled three Union ships. For one day, the Confederate navy ruled the seas.

Battle of the ironclads (cont’d) The next morning the Monitor appeared. The two ships hammered away at each other, hull to hull, fighting at such close range that the two ships collided five times. After four and a half hours , the Merrimack drew off.

Battle of the ironclads (cont’d) It was to be the Merrimack’s only fight. The Confederates blew her up two months later when the were forced out of Norfolk. The Union set to building more Monitor-like ships while Europe watched in worried fascination. From the moment the two ships opened fire that Sunday morning, every other navy in the world was obsolete.

Battle of the ironclads (cont’d) In London, Henry Adams cheered the Union triumph, but also saw in it an ominous fore-shadowing of things to come…”About a week ago, The British discovered that their whole wooden navy was useless…These are great times…Before many centuries more..science may have mankind in its power, and the human race commit suicide by blowing up the world.”

The NEW Navy: Submarines Naval attacks using a “submarine” had been attempted before. The CSS Huntley was the first submarine to “successfully” sink an enemy ship.

Care for the wounded…… Generally speaking, if a soldier took a solid hit in an arm or a leg it was amputated. “Gut shot” wounds were nearly always fatal. The Civil War took place in what has been called “the medical middle ages”. Physicians did not understand the germ theory as we know it today

Care for the wounded…... Surgeons would simply rinse their operating instruments off in cold water or wipe them off on their coats before moving on to the next patient. A good surgeon could amputate an arm or a leg in about 10 minutes…one right after another…hour after hour. Sometimes the pile of discarded limbs reached four to five feet high.

Care for the wounded…... Despite the crude medical care used, the Civil War is also credited with several “firsts” in battlefield medicine… army ambulance corps hospital ships organized medical and nursing care widespread use of anesthetics for battlefield wounded

“Firsts” on the home front…... Draft laws photography of battle (brought the horror of the war home to the civilians) a wide-ranging press corps in battlefield areas American breadlines American president assassinated

Civil War Casualties…… A casualty is when a soldier or sailor is lost for the duration of the war through death, wounds, injury or sickness. It does not include soldiers who were treated for wounds, etc. and then sent back to continue fighting.

A Civil War soldier’s chance of NOT surviving the war Civil War Casualties…... Union dead 364,511 Union wounded 281,881 Total Union loss 646,392 Confederate dead 260,000 Confederate wounded 194,000 Total Confederate Losses 454,000 A Civil War soldier’s chance of NOT surviving the war was about one in four

Civil War Casualties… A quick comparison 4,435 died in the American Revolution 2,260 died in the War of 1812 13,283 died in the Mexican War 2,246 in the Spanish American War 116,516 died in WWI 403,399 died in WWII 33,746 died in Korea 58,512 died in Vietnam Up until the Vietnam War, the number killed in the Civil War surpassed all other wars COMBINED!!!

CONCLUSIONS…... The Civil War saw the beginnings of many methods of warfare that are still in use today almost 150 years later. Although we would consider these innovations crude by today’s standards they proved deadly on the battlefield because technology was far ahead of tactics and care for the wounded.