Emerging Animal Diseases accurately identifying the diseases we know to better detect and recognize the unknown Transboundary and Emerging Animal Diseases in a Globalized Environment Perugia, 6 November, 2009 Key point throughout – OIE does many of these activities in collaboration with FAO, WHO, an countries – but contributed OIE core responsibilities to these collaborations

Outline “Diseases that we know” Emerging Infections Capacity building across the two fronts

Outline “Diseases that we know” Emerging Infections Capacity building across the two fronts

OIE Key Facts Established in 1924 Intergovernmental Organisation – predates the UN 5 Permanent OIE Regional Representations 5 OIE Sub-Regional Offices 5 OIE Regional Commissions 174 Members 52 13 Briefly introduce the OIE. Number of Members is growing all the time. All OIE international standards are adopted by consensus of its Members. 2/3 of the Member Countries and Territories are developing countries. They need support to comply with international standards, achieve food security and economic growth, and participate in international trade. Geographic balance is important throughout the OIE procedures. 29 51 29

Animal Health Standards - OIE Major Texts for Terrestrial Animals Terrestrial Animal Health Code (Terrestrial Code) http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_sommaire.htm Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Terrestrial Manual) http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_summry.htm OIE Principles – Guidance, Standards, Transparency The OIE functions according to a set of animal health standards, with a major function to ensure the sanitary safety of international trade in terrestrial animals and their products. This is achieved through the detailing of health measures to be used by the veterinary authorities of importing and exporting countries to avoid the transfer of agents pathogenic for animals or humans, while avoiding unjustified sanitary barriers. For terrestrial animals (which include birds), there are two main texts – which I will detail further in a moment. Parallel texts also exist for aquatic animals An overarching goal of providing this guidance is achieving the OIE objectives of standards and transparency Principal target readership - laboratories carrying out veterinary diagnostic tests and surveillance, plus vaccine manufacturers and regulatory authorities in Member Countries Objective - to provide internationally agreed diagnostic laboratory methods and requirements for the production and control of vaccines and other biological products Living document, routinely incorporating democratically agreed upon revisions proposed by OIE experts to ensure up-to-date guidance

Terrestrial Manual Principal target readership - laboratories carrying out veterinary diagnostic tests and surveillance, plus vaccine manufacturers and regulatory authorities in Member Countries Objective - to provide internationally agreed diagnostic laboratory methods and requirements for the production and control of vaccines and other biological products Living document, routinely incorporating democratically agreed upon revisions proposed by OIE experts to ensure up-to-date guidance Same overall AIM as the Terrestrial Code – to facilitate international trade in animals and animal products and to contribute to the improvement of animal health services world-wide. Focused on laboratory diagnostic methods and standards for vaccine and other biologic development Note that the value of the Terrestrial Manual is twofold represents consensus among the veterinary authorities of OIE Members constitutes a reference within the World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures as an international standard for animal health and zoonoses

OIE Listed Diseases Terrestrial animals Multiple species Cattle diseases Sheep and goat diseases Equine diseases Swine diseases Swine diseases Avian diseases Lagomorph diseases Bee diseases Other diseases Aquatic animals (amphibians, crustaceans, fish and molluscs) Other diseases: Camelpox, Leishmaniosis

OIE Criteria for Listing a Disease EXCLUDE INTERNATIONAL SPREAD? EMERGING? NO YES SIGNIFICANT SPREAD IN NAIVE POPULATIONS? INCLUDE ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL? There is an established process to identify a disease as a listed disease – which also occurs by member vote. The algorithm is here, and I will go through it briefly. It can be found in more detail in the Terrestrial Code. In essence, there are two main questions to be answered. Has international spread been identified? This means either: That international spread has been proven on 3 or more occasions OR That there are more than 3 countries with populations of susceptible animals free of the disease OR reporting to OIE absence of the disease? If No – then the disease wouldn’t be listed based on this critierion The second major question is whether the disease is EMERGING – that is, is a newly recognised pathogen or known pathogen behaving differently. If yes, then the next question is whether there apparent zoonotic properties or rapid spread? ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL has two main components: Has natural transmission to humans been proven AND is human infection associated with severe consequences? (death or prolonged illness) If yes, then the disease would meet the criteria to be listed. Then, for diseases that had potential for international spread, even if the disease is not identified with zoonotic potential, then the question of animal morbidity and mortality is assessed. If the disease exhibits significant morbidity OR mortality at level among animals of a country or zone then it would meet the criteria for being listed, otherwise it would at the end be excluded.

OIE Listed Diseases – Multiple Species Diseases Anthrax Aujeszky's disease Bluetongue Brucellosis (B. abortus/melitensis/suis) Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Echinococcosis/hydatidosis Epizootic haemorrhagic disease Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern) Foot and mouth disease Heartwater Japanese encephalitis New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana) Paratuberculosis Q fever Rabies Rift Valley fever Rinderpest Surra (Trypanosoma evansi) Trichinellosis Tularemia Vesicular stomatitis West Nile fever OIE has a series of transmissible diseases termed “listed diseases” agreed upon by the OIE International Committee and set out in the Terrestrial Code These diseases are identified as multispecies diseases – those shown in bold have documented infections in humans and animals, and those in italics have been uncommonly documented or play a putative role in human disease

combines and coordinates the alert and response mechanisms of OIE, FAO and WHO assists in prediction, prevention and control of animal disease threats, including zoonoses

The GLEWS Major Animal Diseases, including Zoonoses Non-zoonotic African swine fever (ASF) Classical swine fever (CSF) Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) Foot and mouth disease (FMD) Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) Rinderpest Annex to the Specific Agreement of the OIE with FAO and WHO: The Global Early Warning and Response System for Major Animal Diseases, including Zoonoses (GLEWS)[1] Non-zoonotic African swine fever (ASF) Classical swine fever (CSF) Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) Foot and mouth disease (FMD) Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) Rinderpest Zoonotic Anthrax Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Brucellosis (B. melitensis) Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Ebola virus Food-borne diseases Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Japanese encephalitis Marburg haemorrhagic fever New World screwworm Nipah virus Old World screwworm Q Fever Rabies Rift Valley fever (RVF) Sheep pox/goat pox Tularemia Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis West Nile virus (WNV) [1] www.oie.int/eng/oie/accords/glews_tripartite-finalversion010206.pdf

The GLEWS Major Animal Diseases, including Zoonoses Zoonotic New World screwworm Nipah virus Old World screwworm Q Fever Rabies Rift Valley fever (RVF) Sheep pox/goat pox Tularemia Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis West Nile virus (WNV) Anthrax Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Brucellosis (B. melitensis) Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Ebola virus Food-borne diseases Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Japanese encephalitis Marburg haemorrhagic fever Annex to the Specific Agreement of the OIE with FAO and WHO: The Global Early Warning and Response System for Major Animal Diseases, including Zoonoses (GLEWS)[1] Non-zoonotic African swine fever (ASF) Classical swine fever (CSF) Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) Foot and mouth disease (FMD) Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) Rinderpest Zoonotic Anthrax Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Brucellosis (B. melitensis) Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Ebola virus Food-borne diseases Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Japanese encephalitis Marburg haemorrhagic fever New World screwworm Nipah virus Old World screwworm Q Fever Rabies Rift Valley fever (RVF) Sheep pox/goat pox Tularemia Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis West Nile virus (WNV) [1] www.oie.int/eng/oie/accords/glews_tripartite-finalversion010206.pdf

GF-TAD Regional Priority Diseases Example – African region Inter Tropical Africa: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Rinderpest, Trypanosomiasis , Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Peste de Petits Ruminants, African Swine Fever (ASF), Rift Valley Fever, Newcastle disease SADC: FMD, CBPP, HPAI, ASF, Newcastle disease avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease (within the framework of a global initiative, FAO-OIE workshop in Nairobi for definition of a strategy of progressive control for Africa), RVF (national and regional actions in East Africa and Madagascar) trypanosomiasis (IFAD project), Rinderpest (end of the process of eradication declaration in each country, within the framework of procedure GREP which goes towards a declaration of global eradication by OIE and FAO), PPR (which becomes a disease increasingly wide: Northern Africa.).

Outline “Diseases that we know” Emerging Infections Capacity building across the two fronts

Emerging Disease … a new infection resulting from the evolution or change of an existing pathogenic agent, a known infection spreading to a new geographic area or population, or a previously unrecognized pathogenic agent or disease diagnosed for the first time and which has a significant impact on animal or public health

Global Distribution of Relative Risk of an EID Event Caused by Zoonotic Pathogens EID events = classified by the temporal origin of the original case or cluster of cases that represents a disease emerging in the human population Maps are derived for EID events caused by: zoonotic pathogens from wildlife and zoonotic pathogens from nonwildlife, mapped on a linear scale from green (lower) to red (higher) Jones K et al. Nature, Vol 451| 21 February 2008. doi:10.1038/nature06536

Animal-Human-Pathogen-Ecosystem Interfaces (wild/domestic) Human Pathogen

Human-Animal-Ecosystem Domain Interface Treadwell, 2008. In: Achieving Sustainable Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Institute of Medicine Workshop Summary. National Academies Press

Influenza Coordination Contributing to One World, One Health* A Strategic Framework for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at the Animal–Human–Ecosystems Interface 14 October 2008 UN System Influenza Coordination THE WORLD BANK *Used with permission of the Wildlife Conservation Society

From the Strategic Framework Many emerging and existing infectious diseases concern the global community because of their epidemic and endemic potential and their wide-ranging socio-economic impacts Nipah virus infection in humans and animals Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans H5N1 HPAI in domestic poultry, wild birds and humans. Other EID will emerge in the future unexpectedly and may disperse rapidly and widely There are also many existing infectious diseases of domestic food-producing animals that cause huge socio-economic impacts. Some of these remain endemic in many developing countries, where they have been neglected. Foot and mouth disease (FMD), for example, remains endemic in large parts of Latin America, Africa and Asia, causing huge production losses and adversely affecting the livelihoods of poor farming communities. FMD also seriously threatens the trade prospects of developed and emerging economies. Several vector-borne diseases at the animal–human interface are emerging in new countries and regions with potential to cause epidemics. Recently, Rift Valley fever (RVF), West Nile fever (WNF), bluetongue, Q-fever and dengue have emerged in new areas and regions, stressing under-resourced veterinary and public health services. There are also existing food and water-borne infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans, cholera, salmonellosis, hepatitis A, noroviruses, trichinellosis and echinococcosis, which are associated with the way food animals are produced and with food hygiene practices during transformation, preparation and marketing. The Strategic Framework’s goal is to diminish the threat and minimize the global impact of epidemics and pandemics due to highly infectious and pathogenic diseases of humans and animals, underpinned by enhanced disease intelligence, surveillance and emergency response systems at the national, regional and international levels, and supported by strong and stable public and animal health services, and wildlife monitoring at the country level.

Outline Diseases that we know Emerging Infections Capacity building across the two fronts OIE Lab twinning PVS/Gap analysis OIE One Health Pilot Network

OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres* 187 laboratories in 36 Member Countries or Territories on 100 diseases Expertise on named disease(s) on the OIE lists Identified international expert (Total 161) Collaborating Centres 35 centres from 20 Member Countries or Territories on 33 topics Expertise in a specific designated sphere of competence (epidemiology, risk analysis) Identified international expert (Total 35) http://photos.news.wisc.edu OIE has an extensive network of expertise that allows it to function at a much broader scope and scale than could be achieved through the efforts of the OIE employees alone. As of 2008, the OIE has 177 Reference Laboratories from 32 Member Countries or Territories and 29 Collaborating Centres from 18 Member Countries or Territories. OIE Reference Laboratories are designated to pursue all the scientific and technical issues relating to a named disease on the OIE lists, particularly to function as a centre of expertise and standardisation of diagnostic techniques for its designated disease. OIE Collaborating Centres are centres of expertise in a specific designated sphere of competence relating to the management of general questions on animal health issues (for example epidemiology or risk analysis). In addition to fulfilling their mandate as laid out by OIE, experts from the Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres provide technical expertise for training and capacity building, participate in ad hoc Groups and field investigations, and also provide input to official OIE texts through chapter authorship and review. Experts Labs 161 CC 35 Total 196 Expertise provided is by the true world experts, and represents the expertise from their geographic region. Thus, a major goal for twinning is to build more geographically representative expertise into the OIE standard setting process, and building scientific communities within countries http://www.oie.int * As of May 2009

Distribution of OIE Reference Laboratories (as of May 2009) World Distribution of OIE Reference Laboratories (as of May 2009)

Distribution of OIE Collaborating Centres (as of May 2009)

Extending the Network of OIE Capacity, Expertise and Standards through Laboratory Twinning To provide regional support with better geographical coverage for diseases and topics that are a priority in a given region Improved access for more countries to high quality diagnostics and expertise Better scientific expertise allows members to: Readily apply science-based guidelines and standards of OIE To debate OIE scientific justification for standards on an equal footing with other Members (better representation) the objectives of twinning are to provide a better global geographical coverage of expertise and to provide better coverage for developing and transition countries in areas where it is needed. This will help with early detection of disease, more effective containment and control and will allow member countries ready access to expertise so that they are more able to debate international standards on an equal footing.

Each OIE Laboratory Twinning Project... Is a link between OIE Reference Laboratory or Collaborating Centre (Parent) and national laboratory (Candidate) Aims to improve expertise and diagnostic capacity with eventual aim of reaching OIE standards Should be sustainable once the project is over Twinning works by establishing a link between an OIE Ref lab (parent lab) and a candidate lab. OIE funded twining project will support this link. Through this mutually beneficial relationship – aim to improve expertise and capacity in candidate lab. With eventual aim of attaining OIE standards. Accepted that not every candidate lab will become a reference lab but will move closer to it. Some areas it will be beneficial to chose a lab that is not far off becoming a reference lab so that objective is more easily attainable. Funding is available for supporting the link, travel, training, reagents etc but not for laboratory hardware. Although a component on training may be to help a lab put together a proposal for funding for hardware.

OIE Twinning Projects Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease OIE Reference Labs and Collaborating Centres Candidate Labs

Country Evaluation of the Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) Competent Veterinary Services is a Global Public Good PVS Evaluation - a qualitative assessment of the performance and the compliance of the Veterinary Services (VS) with respect to the OIE international standards* on quality of VS PVS Gap Analysis - an identification of needs and the corresponding resources in collaboration with the host country authorities to address improved compliance for priority critical competencies as identified by a preceding PVS evaluation Note while speaking - Not all national veterinary services have the capacity to fulfill the minimal standards (prevention, surveillance, detection, and control of animal diseases including zoonoses) of a competent Veterinary Services 4 Fundamental Components – 40 Critical competencies, of which: The authority and capability of the VS to develop and apply sanitary measures and science-based procedures supporting those measures Section II-1 Veterinary laboratory diagnosis Section II-2 Laboratory quality assurance Section II-6 Early detection and emergency response * OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 3.2

PVS – Chapter II – Technical Authority and Capability 4 Fundamental Components – 40 Critical competencies Ch. 2: The authority and capability of the VS to develop and apply sanitary measures and science-based procedures supporting those measures Section II-1 Veterinary laboratory diagnosis Section II-2 Laboratory quality assurance Section II-3 Risk analysis Section II-4 Quarantine and border security Section II-5 Epidemiological surveillance Section II-6 Early detection and emergency response Section II-7 Disease prevention, control and eradication In this era of globalisation, the development and growth of many countries, as well as the prevention and control of major biological disasters, depend on the performance of their agricultural and food policies and economies, and this, in turn, directly relates to the quality of their Veterinary Services (VS)1. Important roles for VS include veterinary public health – including food-borne diseases – and regional and international market access for animals and animal products. To meet these new opportunities and challenges, VS will need to operate on scientifically-based principles and be technically independent and immune from political pressures from all sources. Efforts to strengthen VS and to support them to comply with OIE international standards on quality and evaluation of VS require the active participation and investment on the part of both the public and the private sectors. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has refined an Evaluation Tool developed initially in collaboration with the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) to produce, in 2007, a revised publication: the OIE Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services (OIE PVS Tool). The OIE PVS Tool is designed to assist VS to establish their current level of performance, to identify gaps and weaknesses regarding their ability to comply with OIE international standards, to form a shared vision with stakeholders 2 (including the private sector) and to establish priorities and carry out strategic initiatives. In the international trade of animals and animal products, the OIE promotes animal health and public health (as it relates to the prevention and control of zoonoses including food-borne diseases of animal origin) by issuing harmonised sanitary standards for international trade and disease control methods, by working to improve the resources and legal framework of VS and by helping member countries comply with the OIE standards, guidelines and recommendations, and the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The traditional mission of VS has been to protect domestic agriculture. Over time, the majority of its resources were channelled towards the control of diseases that threatened primary production. Services provided began at the national borders and were focused inward. The credibility of these services, in the eyes of its users and of other countries, depended in large measure on the effectiveness of these domestic programmes, and response of VS to emergencies arising from the entry of foreign diseases. In light of the growing international requirements and opportunities facing each country, it behoves VS to adopt a broader mandate and vision, and provide new services to complement the portfolio of existing services. This will entail stronger alliances and closer cooperation with its stakeholders, trading partners and other countries, national VS counter parts and relevant intergovernmental organisations (OIE, Codex Alimentarius Commission, WTO, etc.). II-1 Veterinary laboratory diagnosis The authority and capability of the VS to identify and record pathogenic agents, including those relevant for public health, that can adversely affect animals and animal products. 1. Disease diagnosis is almost always conducted by clinical means only, with laboratory diagnostic capability being generally unavailable. 2. For major zoonoses and diseases of national economic importance, the VS have access to and use a laboratory to obtain a correct diagnosis. 3. For other zoonoses and diseases present in the country, the VS have access to and use a laboratory to obtain a correct diagnosis. 4. For diseases of zoonotic or economic importance not present in the country, but known to exist in the region and/ or that could enter the country, the VS have access to and use a laboratory to obtain a correct diagnosis. 5. In the case of new and emerging diseases in the region or world, the VS have access to and use a network of national or international reference laboratories (e.g. an OIE Reference Laboratory) to obtain a correct diagnosis. II-2 Laboratory quality assurance The quality of laboratories (that conduct diagnostic testing or analysis for chemical residues, antimicrobial residues, toxins, or tests for, biological efficacy, etc.) as measured by the use of formal QA systems and participation in relevant proficiency testing programmes. 1. No laboratories used by the public sector VS are using formal QA systems. 2. Some laboratories used by the public sector VS are using formal QA systems. 3. All laboratories used by the public sector VS are using formal QA systems. 4. All the laboratories used by the public sector VS and most or all private laboratories are using formal QA systems. 5. All the laboratories used by the public sector VS and most or all private laboratories are using formal QA programmes that meet OIE, ISO 17025, or equivalent QA standard guidelines. II-6 Early detection and emergency response The authority and capability of the VS to detect and respond rapidly to a sanitary emergency (such as a significant disease outbreak or food safety emergency). 1. The VS have no field network or established procedure to determine whether a sanitary emergency exists or the authority to declare such an emergency and respond appropriately. 2. The VS have a field network and an established procedure to determine whether or not a sanitary emergency exists, but lack the necessary legal and financial support to respond appropriately. 3. The VS have the legal framework and financial support to respond rapidly to sanitary emergencies, but the response is not coordinated through a chain of command. 4. The VS have an established procedure to make timely decisions on whether or not a sanitary emergency exists. The VS have the legal framework and financial support to respond rapidly to sanitary emergencies through a chain of command. They have national contingency plans for some exotic diseases. 5. The VS have national contingency plans for all diseases of concern through coordinated actions with all stakeholders through a chain of command.

OIE-PVS Missions OIE Members PVS Requests received PVS Missions done Official requests Missions completed Report’s confidentiality lifted As of the beginning of this month, 175 PVS missions have beee conducted, we have received 39 PVS Gap analysis mission requests, and 13 Gap analysis missions have been performed OIE Members PVS Requests received PVS Missions done 175 98 88

Creating a Network of Collaborating Centres Concentrating on Animal-Human-Pathogen Interface Transition from the emergency response to HPAI to creating and sustaining infrastructures capable of early detection and rapid response to emerging health crises The members of the network will focus on objectives identified in the OWOH Strategic Framework: trying to stop the disease at its source promoting cooperation across sectors to enhance effectiveness supporting faster and better coordination in a crisis building upon existing and new collaboration among international specialized agencies Because of the critical need to implement disease detection, prevention and control strategies consistent with the OWOH framework, OIE decided to focus an initial formal network development pilot activity on issues related to the Animal-human-pathogen interface. OIE has multiple Collaborating Centres that provide expertise relate to this general topic. Consistent with the principles laid out in the Joint FAO/OIE/WHO/UNICEF/WB/UNSIC strategic OWOH framework, this network would plan to transition from the emergency response to HPAI to a creating and sustaining infrastructures capable of early detection and rapid response to emerging health crises The members of the network will focus on the objectives identified in the Strategic Framework: 1) trying to stop the disease at its source to prevent disease emergence, spread, and persistence 2) promoting cooperation across sectors to enhance effectiveness 3) supporting faster and better coordination in a crisis by harmonizing communication approaches and messages 4) building upon existing and new collaboration among international specialized agencies, where these can be shown to be working effectively together to provide models and encouragement for country-level efforts

Pilot Network Members New and Emerging Diseases: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonotic Diseases: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) Why these initial members? diversity of expertise geographically representative expressed interest We decided to start this pilot activity with just a small number of Collaborating Centres, with the clear plan to extend the network once initial start up and principles had been drafted. The 3 pilot network members include Collaborating Centres on: New and Emerging Diseases: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) On Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonotic Diseases: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases And On Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) Why these initial members? diversity of expertise at the animal-human-ecosystem interfaces geographic representatives expressed interest

OIE One Health Pilot Network Overarching goal of the network to minimize the impact of infectious diseases that affect animals, including zoonoses, on animal health, human health, and the environment

OIE One Health Pilot Network The network proposes to: Support the global detection and diagnosis of infectious diseases at the animal-human-pathogen interface Act as a source of coordinated advice to the OIE, relevant Commissions, and Members on diseases at the animal-human-ecosystems interface Promote the science of the detection, diagnosis, and discovery of new, emerging, and re-emerging pathogens

Interacting with Key Partners Collaboration between OIE and key international partners The Network also recognizes that OIE is currently involved in existing Networks Establish relationships with related existing networks within or supported by FAO and WHO, wherever possible, to maximize potential synergies in achieving the goals of the OIE Network Collaboration between OIE and key international partners is critical to a successful One World One Health approach to reducing the risks of infectious diseases at the animal-human-pathogen-ecosystems interface. The ad hoc Group proposes that OIE explore the opportunities and options for interactions between the Network, and/or the Steering Committee in particular with FAO and WHO to promote the principles of One World One Health as agreed to by the three organisations. The ad hoc Group recommends that the Network seek to establish relationships with related existing networks within or supported by FAO and WHO, wherever possible, to maximize potential synergies in achieving the goals of the OIE Network. The ad hoc Group also recognizes that OIE is currently involved in existing Networks, such as OFFLU, and that the OIE One Health Network should ensure maximal synergies with existing networks without unnecessary duplication of activities. This could be achieved by the One Health Network Secretariat ensuring ongoing knowledge of existing OIE networks, and evaluating whether One Health Network proposed activities might coincide with the activities of another network, communicating with the other Network, and as necessary facilitating dialog between the secretariats of the different networks to maximize synergies.

Summary Accurate identification of known animal diseases Effective response and control measures Established procedures to refer to reference laboratories Recognizing when you are faced with the unknown Accurate identification of known animal diseases

12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale World Organisation for Animal Health Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal 12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int