Data Processing SS1…1st Term
HTML Entering behaviour questions: What is HTML What is HTML used for? What do you use for HTML How to save html files How to open and edit html files How to test your html Hypertext markup Language Designing web pages Plain text editor .html, or .htm Right click and select Open with and select Notepad Open with any browser
Activity Launch notepad and carry out the following Save as Select All files Enter the file name “index.html” Click on Save Enter the following in the blank file and save again. When you are done, locate the file on the computer and open it with your browser
<html> <head> <title> Your name here</title> </head> <body> <h1>This is my note </h1> <h2>Created with html code</h2> <h3>Concrete devices used in Computing</h3> <h4>Abacus</h4> <h5>Slide rule</h5> <h6>Napier’s Bone</h6> <h6>The heading tags are used in this demonstration</h6> </body> </html>
Information Age This is the computer age or Digital Age It is the knowledge age Man is majorly concerned with the creation , distribution and application of information In this age, transmission of information is faster Access to information is easier, faster and cheaper This has led to Fast evolution of technology Advancement in educational life style ICT is the tool used in this age
Evolution of the Information age Agricultural age: Primitive era to 1800s Man applied hand tools to cultivate lands Industrial age: 1800s to 1957 Period of industrial revolution Man applied mechanical tools to simplify work processes Information Age: from 1957 till date What does man apply in the information age?
History of Computing Read up introduction. To be tested in the next lesson Data Processing for Senior Secondary School. Bk 1, by Olufemi Ayandoye et al. B4 1935-human beings were employed as clerks to carry out calculations in accordance with predefined procedures. Thousands of people (human computers) were employed to carry out data collection, collation, sorting, analysis or calculations -Today all the activities above can be done by computers -A computing machine is “a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data and produces output(information)” – Von Neumann’s definition
Concrete Devices in Computing
Abacus Also called counting frame Bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires
Slide rule Developed by William Oughtred (17th century) Also called slapstick It is a mechanical analog computer It can carry out multiplication, division, roots, logarithm and trigonometry Not for addition or subtraction Based on emerging work on logarithm by John Napier. B4 the advent the pocket calculator, it was the most commonly used calculation tool.
Napier’s Bone By john Napier It is similar to the multiplication tables John Napier is the inventor of logarithm He was the first to use decimal point in numbers. Its like multiplication table – the diff is each product is represented in tens and units. Check more on YouTube
Pascal’s calculator By Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) Also called pascaline Has dials like analogue phone box It used series of gears Could carry out Addition Subtraction Multiplication and division were not directly supported because multiplication and division were done by repeated addition and subtraction
LEIBNIZ MULTIPLIER 1694 By Gottfried Leibniz(1646-1716) It’s an improvement on the Pascaline in that it could also multiply It also worked by a system of gears like it’s predecessor
JACQUARD’S LOOM Joseph Jacquard Invented in 1801 First device to use punch card The punch card controls the operation of the device
Analytical Engine (1834) Charles Babbage (1791-1871) First fully automatic calculating machine Could evaluate any mathematical formula He also built the difference engine in 1820. Analytic engine was more powerful.
Hollerith’s Census Machine Called electronic tabulator Used in 1890 census in St. Louis Missouri It worked with punch cards A card reader reads the information on the cards The components are electrically operated The 1880 census had taken seven years to process. it was estimated that the 1890 census would take approximately 13 years to complete
Colossus-1940 Vacuum tube computing machine Helped during world war II Helped in breaking the German’s codes or Hitler's codes -encrypted high-level telegraphic messages between the German High Command and their army commands
Eniac - 1946 Electronic Numerical Integrator and computer Built by John Mauchly and Presper Eckert First large-scale general-purpose electronic computer First used in university of Pennsylvania in 1946 It contained 19000 vacuum tubes.
Read up… Vacuum tube based technology UNIVAC-Punch card technology Transistor based technology IC based technology The birth of internet
Binary Number System Also called base two Base two numbers are made up of two numerals – 0 and 1 0 and 1 are also called bits or binary digits These represent OFF or ON in electrical or electronic devices Examples are 10111, 100011, 111, etc.
Examples Expand 10111 10111= 1x24+1x22+1x21+1x20 = 16+4+2+1 =23.
Expand 100011 11111101
Answer 35 253
Key to remembering Bits Ten Two 1 2 10 21 3 11 4 100 22 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 23 9 1001 Ten Two … 16 24 32 25
Why binary numbers? Binary digits are the original dialect of the machine. Hence, older computers were programmed using binary codes.
Hexadecimal These are numbers in base 16 It comprises 0, 1, 2, 3, … 9, A, B, C,D,E, F. There are 16 numerals making up hexadecimal numbers. 10 = A 11= B 12 = C 13= D 14 = E 15 = F
Hexadecimal to Binary 2B 10 1011 2B = 101011 Convert 3A to binary
Exercise Rewrite the following in base two 3B 2A 42 6C 111011 101010 1000010 1101100
Solution 111011 101010 1000010 1101100
DIGITALIZATION OF DATA Digitalisation is the process of converting data or information into a digital format In this digital format, data or information is Easier and quicker to access and retrieved Easier to share or transmit
Areas of application Every area of human endeavour has been affected by digitalisation. Printed documents Audios Videos Database
Types of digitalisation Manual Heads-up digitalisation Write short notes using your study material, on manual and heads-up digitalisation. Drafting table with a smooth surface.