NATIONALISM A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD

PRINCIPAL OF SELF - DETERMINATION NATION – Long-term historical entity

EUROPE AFTER CONGRESS OF BERLIN 1878

NATIONALITY Social and cultural bonds Shared language, history, traditions, ideals, goals

NATIONALISM Feeling of patriotism, supreme loyalty towards one’s country Driving force to create a nation NATION-STATE – independent nation containing a single nationality Unity of land, people, and culture SUBJECT NATIONALITY- nationality subject to the rule of a different people

DEVELOPMENT Middle Ages – loyalty = church, city-state, province, feudal lord Absolutism – moderate nationalism = loyalty to the monarch = Dynastic Nationalism French Revolution – Intense Nationalism = transfer of loyalty from monarch to nation

DOUBLE EDGE Imperialism vs. Anti- Imperialism Democracy vs. Dictatorship Imperialism vs. Anti- Imperialism National Unification vs. Empire Disruption Militarism vs. War

MULTI-NATIONAL EMPIRES Austria – Hapsburgs 1/5th population German-speaking Austrians Subject Nationalities? Hungarians, Italians, Poles, Czechs, Rumanians, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes Divide and Rule 1867-1914 Dual Monarchy

MULTI-NATIONAL EMPIRES Ottoman Empire - Turks Subject Nationalities? Slavs, Albanians, Rumanians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Arabs and Egyptians Orthodox / Muslim 1815-1914 – “Sick man of Europe” Greek Revolution (1821-1829), Crimean War (1853-1856), Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), Congress of Berlin (1878), Balkan Wars (1912-1913)

PRESENT DAY State control of education = pride in customs, ideals, history, glory of the nation Culture = Artist, writers, musical composers, Mass Communication – newspaper, magazine, books, radio, tv, internet Rapid Transportation – railroads, automobiles, airlines