Today, 1) Begin, continue, or finish Chapter 3 reading log. 2) Then, review Ch.3.1 & 3.2 for Quiz on Friday, 9/23 3) Discuss Ch.3.3 – The Middle Colonies

“The number-one reason people don’t get results is that they don’t have the attention span to stick with something.” – Brett Bartholomew

The Middle Colonies

New Hampshire New York Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

What economic activities were important in the Middle Colonies? Examine the map on p. 71 What geographic features helped make Philadelphia and New York centers of trade? What economic activities were important in the Middle Colonies?

New York

Settling the Middle Colonies

Henry Hudson’s Voyages

New Netherlands New Netherlands  founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624) Established by Dutch West India Company for profitable fur trade. Manhattan [New Amsterdam] Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre.

New Amsterdam, 1660 New Amsterdam: Patroon system - estates granted to a person who would settle 50 people on them. A diverse population with many different languages.

New Netherlands & New Sweden

Swedes in New Netherlands 1655  Dutch under governor Peter Stuyvesant attack New Sweden. New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland.

New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony King Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!] 1664  English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses. Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot. Renamed “New York” England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies. England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

Duke of York’s Original Charter

New Amsterdam, 1664

Dutch influence in New York Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC. New York City seal. Names  Harlem, Brooklyn Architecture  gambrel roof Customs  Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

Exit question: Name one factor that helped the Middle Colonies’ population grow:

Summarize the population of New York: Settled by Dutch, overtaken by the English . Germans, Swedes also settled there - A diverse population & culture.

Pennsylvania

The Quakers Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices. They offended religious & political leaders in England. Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England. Believed all were equal before God – no special priviledges. Pacifists – against war, violence

William Penn Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”]. 1681  he received a grant from king to establish a colony. Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].

Royal Land Grant to Penn

Penn & Native Americans Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians. Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.

Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

Pennsylvanian Society A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!! Attracted many different people Religious misfits from other colonies. Many different ethnic groups. No military defense. No restrictions on immigration. No slavery!!

Urban Population Growth 1650 - 1775

Summarize religious freedom of Pennsylvania: Religious differences were tolerated

Summarize Pennsylvania’s relations with Native Americans: Relatively friendly, because of the influence of Quaker beliefs.

New Jersey

New Jersey — PA’s Neighbor 1664  proprietors (Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berkeley received the area from the Duke of York. Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a representative assembly. Made few profits because no natural harbor.

How did New Jersey attract settlers (its charter)? Proprietors – Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berkeley Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a representative assembly.

Delaware

Delaware — PA’s Neighbor Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610]. 1704  Penn granted 3 lower counties its own assembly. Later broke away to form the colony of Delaware.

Today, Target: Explain the founding & development of the Middle Colonies Library work – Colony project Chapter 3 Reading Log due: Thursday

shipping to/from America. 1. New Amsterdam combined a good seaport with access to the Hudson River that gave access to rich farm lands, forests, & furs New Amsterdam becomes a center of shipping to/from America. 2. Dutch West Indies Company sets up the patroon system. The New Netherlands elite become wealthy & ruled like kings The Dutch were very tolerant & welcomed many groups to settle in New Netherlands. 3. New Netherland is one of the most tolerant & diverse colonies. 4. The Duke of York drives the Dutch out of New Netherland; becomes New York The English see the Dutch as a threat & want to gain control of New Netherlands

King Charles II of England owes money to William Penn’s family. 5. King Charles II of England owes money to William Penn’s family. King Charles II gives William Penn’s father land in America. Penn founds Pennsylvania to provide a place where Quakers & others can freely practice their religion. William Penn becomes a Quaker & had been persecuted in England. 6. 7. William Penn was an active proprietor of Pennsylvania. Penn supervises building of Philadelphia; writes its Constitution granting the right to elect representatives

Quakers value hard work, wise spending, & tolerance. 8. Pennsylvania becomes one of the wealthiest colonies. Pennsylvania has many resources and grain cash crops; becomes the “bread basket” for the colonies

9. MARK IT UP! Circle the year on the chart in which the populations of New England and the Southern colonies were the same. Examine the bar graph showing the estimated population growth of the British Colonies between 1650 and 1750. 1650 10. MARK IT UP! Draw a rectangle around the population figure for the Southern Colonies in 1700. 100,000 11. MARK IT UP! Between which years did the population of the Middle colonies double? Between which years did it triple? 1700-1720 1720-1750

Examine the bar graph showing the estimated population growth of the British Colonies between 1650 and 1750. 9. MARK IT UP! Circle the year on the chart in which the populations of New England and the Southern colonies were the same. 1650 10. MARK IT UP! Draw a rectangle around the population figure for the Southern Colonies in 1700. 100,000 11. MARK IT UP! Between which years did the population of the Middle colonies double? Between which years did it triple? 1700-1720 1720-1750