Unit 2 Colonial America to the French and Indian War

Section 1: 13 BRITISH COLONIES

New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire forward

John Winthrop N.E.

Roger Williams N.E.

Anne Hutchinson

Thomas Hooker N.E.

Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware forward

William Penn M

Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland Carolinas Georgia (North & South) forward

Nathaniel Bacon So

Lord Baltimore, George Calvert So

James Oglethorpe So

African Slaves – Middle Passage

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Girl with Hornbook (wooden paddle) Easy to hold handle Hole in handle for leather thong Carried on belt or around neck Transparent Horn kept lessons from being spoiled Starting in Mid-15th C, used in Europe and America. Horn of oxen and sheep were used to make the laminating structure. The Horn was left in cold water for several weeks, which separated the usable part from the bone. It was then heated, first in boiling water then by fire, Then pressed by plates and machines to make it smooth and transparent. As time went on, hornbooks were also made of a variety of other materials.

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Typical Hornbook Alphabet Vowel and consonant combinations Lord’s Prayer Form of a cross Praise of the Trinity (hand written on piece of parchment & tacked to wooden paddle)

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies New England Primer Textbook used by students in English settlements in North America First published and used in London First printed in Boston in 1690 Over 5 million copies sold Used into the 19th C New England Primer was a textbook used by students in New England and in other English settlements in North America. Published by Benjamin Harris, who had published a similar volume in London. Over 5 million copies were sold. In the 1700’s, schools in colonies were strongly influenced by religion. Intent of colonists was that all children should learn to read – passed law in 1642 Puritan Massachusetts stating this. They believed an inability to read was Satan’s attempt to keep people from the Scriptures. Combined study of alphabet with Bible reading. It introduced each letter in a religious phrase and then illustrated the phrase with a woodcut. The primer also contained a catechism of religious questions and answers. Emphasis was placed on fear of sin, God’s punishment, and the fact that all people would have to face death. Some examples teach moral values as well as reading. Also, first appearing in the New England Primer was the Children’s Prayer beginning “Now I lay me …”

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Scene from a dame school

Puritan Education in the New England Colonies Austere = strict, serious, severe, harsh A stern and austere Puritan worship service

1753 North America

George Washington

Benjamin Franklin Proposed the Albany Plan of Union at the Albany Congress Grand Council to make laws raise taxes to set up defense

Albany Congress – Albany Plan of Union Delegates voted to accept the plan No colonial assemblies approved it Colonies did not want to give up any of their powers to a central council

French and Indian War French advantages in the beginning English had no united defense Single New France government acted more quickly More Indian allies English advantages English colonies were clustered along coast French settlements were widely scattered English population was 15 times greater British navy ruled seas

William Pitt

James Wolfe

After French and Indian War

Proclamation of 1763 Colonials were forbidden to settle west of the line Colonials already settled west of the line were ordered to remove themselves at once 10,000 British troops were sent to the colonies to enforce the law Attempt to gain better control of colonists