Glycolysis, Cellular Respiration and the Cell Aerobic Energy Processes of the Cell

Five main forms of energy:               Mechanical - associated with motion. Heat - internal motion of particles. Chemical - bonds atoms and ions together. Electromagnetic - moving electric charges. Nuclear - in the atomic nucleus.      Nuclear fission      Nuclear fusion     

A cartoon and space-filling view of ATP. Image from Purves et al A cartoon and space-filling view of ATP. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates (www.sinauer.com) and WH Freeman (www.whfreeman.com), used with permission.

Equations The chemical equation for respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Where does it take place? Location of GLYCOLYSIS STAGE 1 in cytoplasm w/ enzymes Location of Respiration Mitochondrion STAGE 2 Cellular Respiration STAGE 3 Electron Transport

The molecule

The MITOCHONDRION is the powerhouse of the cell The MITOCHONDRION is the powerhouse of the cell. It is the site of respiration. It has a double membrane. From this view you can see very little >>>>>>>>>> The white folded structure is the inner membrane. Most of AEROBIC RESPIRATION occurs along this membrane.

The outer membrane is cut to get a better look The outer membrane is cut to get a better look. With the outer membrane removed it is much easier to see the contents of the mitochondrion.

The inner membranes is ruffled/folded. It has a very large surface area. These ruffles are called cristae. Mitochondria have their own DNA and manufacture some their own proteins. It is thought that the mitochondrion evolved from symbiotic bacteria that took up residence inside the first eukaryotic cells.

INSIDE THE INNER MITOCHONDRION

Glycolysis & Respiration

Making ATP

Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis & Respiration Summary (ATP from glucose) Glycolysis Stage I 2 ATP 2 NADred* Stage II 2 NADred Kreb's Cycle Stage III 4ATP, 6NADred, 2 FADred* Subtotal 6ATP*, 10NADred, 2FADred Total ATP 40ATP –*4ATP = 36ATP *(1 NADred = 3 ATP; 1FADred = 2 ATP)