English III Poetry Poetry Terms

Rhyme Scheme The pattern established by the arrangement of rhymes in a poem, denoted by lower-case letters (abab, aabb, etc). Roses are red a Violets are blue b Sugar is sweet c So are you b

End Rhyme Rhyme that occurs at the end of the lines of a poem. Tyger, Tyger burning bright In the forests of the night.

Internal Rhyme Rhyme that occurs within the lines of the poem. Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.

Exact Rhyme Words that rhyme exactly. See Tree Box Rocks

Slant Rhyme Words that sound very similar, but do not rhyme exactly. Place Daze Keep Peace

Alliteration The repetition of a speech sound in nearby words. Consonance - The repetition of consonant sounds: In a summer season, when soft was the sun Assonance - The repetition of vowel sounds: Thou foster child of silence and slow time

Echo The repetition of particular sounds, words, syllables, or lines in a poem. What is this that falls from the sky? I Do you live above the thunder? Under

Refrain A line or phrase which is repeated verbatim (word for word), usually at regular intervals, most often at the end of a stanza. The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.

Elision To leave out a letter or a syllable as a means of a contraction, so as to slur over in pronunciation. O’er instead of over

Onomatopoeia Words that imitate sounds. Whisper Clang Sizzle

Personification When human attributes are given to an object, animal, or idea. The wind whispered through the dry grass.

Tone The poet’s use of words and writing style to convey his or her attitude towards the topic Tone words: Angry Benevolent Celebratory Frustrated Humorous Mocking Optimistic Compassionate

Mood The atmosphere of a poem; the emotions a poem arouses in the reader. Mood Words: Jubilant Lonely Confused Frustrated Thankful Scared Hopeful Worried

English III Poetry Types of Poetry

Epitaph A short poem, saying or other message on a gravestone in memory of a deceased person. For Mary Fowler, 1792, age 24, Milford, CT Molly tho’ pleasant in her day Was suddenly seized and went away How soon she’s ripe, how soon she’s rotten Laid in her grave and soon forgotten.

Haiku A simple poem typically about nature or scenery. Three lines, 17 syllables. Line 1: 5 syllables Cherry blossoms bloom, Line 2: 7 syllables softly falling from the tree, Line 3: 5 syllables explode into night.

Couplet A two line verse that rhymes. A poem can be a series of couplets. Twinkle twinkle little star How I wonder what you are Up above the world so high Like a diamond in the sky.

Quatrain A four line poem that follows one of the following rhyme schemes: abab aabb abba abca abcb The rushing ocean waves Beat harshly on the sand. They roar and crash and foam As they break upon the land.

Cinquain 5 line poem or stanza. Line 1: a word title puppy Line 2: a 2 word phrase that describes your title spoiled, naughty Line 3: a 3 word phrase that describes an action relating to your title growling, jumping, chewing Line 4: a 4 word phrase that describes a feeling relating to your title playful bundle of trouble Line 5: a word that refers back to your title Boxer

Sonnet A highly-structured 14 line poem written in iambic pentameter (each line has 5 metrical feet, and each foot consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable). Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Blank Verse Poetry that is written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day, To the last syllable of recorded time; And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle! Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.

Bio Poem A 10 line poem used to focus on the characteristics of a person or animal. Line 1: First Name Tom Line 2: Descriptive traits Tall, Tasty, Feathery, Vicious Line 3: Sibling of… Sibling of Clucky Chicken and Big Bird, Line 4: Lover of… Lover of vegetarians and ham eaters, Line 5: Who fears… Fears Mr. Butterball and pilgrims, Line 6: Who need… Needs to run around, Line 7: Who gives… Gives nourishment and left overs, Line 8: Who would like to see… Would like to see birds unite and revolt, Line 9: Resident of… Resident of Old MacDonald’s Farm, Line 10: Last Name Turkey

Diamante/Diamond Poem Compares/Contrasts 2 opposite things/objects. Line 1: One word - noun Cat Line 2: 2 adjectives describing the top noun Furry, Silky Line 3: 3 verbs that the top noun does Sleeping, Purring, Meowing Line 4: 2 words for the top noun, 2 for the bottom Tail, Fur, Tongue, Collar Line 5: 3 verbs that the bottom noun does Barking, Playing, Licking Line 6: 2 adjectives describing the bottom noun Friendly, Big Line 7: One word - noun Dog