The War of the Roses Lobj: the consider the myths and reality behind one of the most epic periods in English History

Main Characters Two parties : the Party of Lancaster (red rose) the Party of York (white rose)

War of the Roses The Hundred Years War: House of Lancashire (Henry Tudor) VS. House of York (Richard, Duke of York).

Who was Richard III? The people of York and Lancaster had been fighting for the crown of England for over 100 years. Richard of York became King of England in 1482. It is said that Richard had his little nephews killed in the Tower of London.

Who was Henry VII? Who was Henry Tudor? Henry was the great-grandson of the Duke of Lancaster. He was banished to France as Richard feared he might try to take the throne. In 1485 Henry gathered some support in England and landed in Wales with his supporters.

The Battle Richard gathered his 6,000 supporters and marched towards Ambien Hill. He hoped to meet and defeat Henry before he brought his army to London. Henry approached with 2,000 men. Richard waited with his men for four days.

How did Henry win? Gradually Richard’s men began to lose hope and began to leave. It is thought that the Duke of Northumberland betrayed Richard and joined Henry. Richard left his high point and was slain. Henry was crowned Henry VII of England.

Richard was the younger brother of King Edward IV. Richard was asked to look after the King’s sons. They were placed in the tower of London for safe keeping. They were never seen again. Richard became king. Henry Tudor was a distance relative of Richard III. He had a lot of support from the Welsh. The two sides met at Market Bosworth, where Richard was killed Henry became king

Lancaster Henry VI (1421-1471) Reign : 1422-1461 and 1470-1471 Marguerite d'Anjou, his wife Edward, Prince of Wales, his son

Lancaster-Tudor Henry, Earl of Richmond (1455-1509) becomes Henry VII Tudor Reign : 1485-1509

Lancaster

York Edward IV (1442-1483) Reign : 1461-1470 and 1471-1483 His father, Edward Duke of York (+1461)

York His sons : Edward V (1470-1483) Richard of York George, Duke of Clarence (+1478)

York Richard of Gloucester (1452-1485), becomes Richard III Reign : 1483-1485

York

Lords Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (+1471) "the King Maker" His brothers : George, archbishop of York John, Lord Montagu (+1471)

Lords Duke of Buckingham (+1483) William, Lord Hastings (+1483)

Main Events First period : troubles Henry VI weak, Sommerset and Suffolk plunder the state funds--> Lancastrians unpopular 1449 English lose Normandy 1450 defeated soldiers numerous agitators (Jack Cade ...)-->anarchy French corsairs

death of Suffolk 1453 End of the 100 year war Henry VI becomes mad Birth of his son, Duke of York no more the heir Duke of York protector of the Kingdom Christmas 1454 Henry VI recovers his mind Queen Marguerite and Sommerset at power

Second period : first struggle for the power 1455 battle of St Albans --> Duke of York and Warwick capture the King 1456 Queen Marguerite gets back her husband Each party raises troops 1456-57 civil riots 1459 Marguerite attacks Several battles --> Yorkist leaders leave the country

1460 Yorkist leaders come back King captured at the battle of Northampton Duke of York becomes Heir of the Crown Marguerite still fights Duke of York and his oldest son, Edmond, killed at the Battle of Wakefield 1461 Marguerite gets back her husband at the battle of St Albans Warwick and Edward take London and Edward becomes King (4th Mars)

Third period : Reign of Edward IV (1461-1470) Towton battle : the biggest of the war and the final one 1461-1463 guerilla warfare in Wales and extreme north 1463 Marguerite flies in France 1464 Death of the last Lancastrians leaders at the battles of Hedgeley Moor and Hexham

1465 King Henry VI captured 1461-1469 Rise of the power of the Neville family George Archbishop of York and chancellor John, Marquis of Montagu, reigns over the north Warwick rules the army and the foreign office Edward tries to resist 1469 Edward captured by the Nevilles and his brother George of Clarence

Fourth period : new anarchy 1469 Riots in London and in the whole country Lancastrian uprising at the Scottisch border Help of Edward necessary --> more power 1470 Conspiracy of Clarence and Warwick fails (battle of Lose-Coat Field) Clarence and Warwick flee in France Clarence, Warwick and Marguerite ally The alliance takes the power --> Henry VI King

1471 Edward comes back with a small army Edward takes York Several battles in favour of Edward George Neville betrays the Lancastrians and gives up London and Henry VI to Edward Battle of Barnet : Warwick and John killed Final battle of Tewkesbury : Marguerite captured Her son is killed

Fifth period : Reign of Edward IV (1471-1483) Happy period of peace and reconstruction Governs with the help of his faithful and clever brother Richard Dies unexpectedly of illness

FOUNDS THE TUDOR DYNASTY Sixth period : Reign of Richard III Richard of Gloucester becomes king with the help of the Duke of Buckingham in place of his nephew and despite the opposition of Hasting He kills his nephews He crashes Buckingham uprising He is killed by Henry, Earl of Richmond, at the battle of Bosworth Henry becomes Henry VII FOUNDS THE TUDOR DYNASTY