BIOCHAR for Bayard Breeding: Achieving food sustainability in the future Paul Belanger, Ph.D. – Geologist/Paleoclimatologist 10/13/2016 http://denverclimatestudygroup.com/ and on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/denverclimatestudygroup/ pebelanger@glassdesignresources.com – slides-climate-change-solutions-what-you-thought-you-knew-is-obsolete-joe-romm PPTX

Acknowledgement: Ron Larson, Ph.D.

Biochar In context of GEOENGINEERING: Solar Radiation management (SRM) & Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Biochar Web page BIOCHAR: http://denverclimatestudygroup.com/?page_id=28

SRM VS. CDR Mitigation and adaptation – 7.1 3.35 minutes

SEE February 15, 2016 discussion on EEE tab: http://denverclimatestudygroup.com/?page_id=683 NAS Climate Intervention: Preface and links (Click here); detailed reports below: NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ONLINE: CLIMATE INTERVENTION: REFLECTING SUNLIGHT TO COOL EARTH (2015), AT HTTP://WWW.NAP.EDU/READ/18988; AND CLIMATE INTERVENTION: CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL AND RELIABLE SEQUESTRATION (2015), AT HTTP://WWW.NAP.EDU/READ/18805.

BIOCHAR’s dual role: Soil enhancement & Atmospheric CO2 at the same time

What is Biochar https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochar: “Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar is under investigation as an approach to carbon sequestration to produce negative carbon dioxide emissions.[1] Biochar thus has the potential to help mitigate climate change via carbon sequestration.[2][3] Independently, biochar can increase soil fertility ofacidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases.[4] Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests.[5] Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.[1]”

Cool Planet - @ 9:00 minutes https://youtu.be/JPJsYZLU_sM?t=535

About C3, C4 and Cam Photosynthesis and Plants: Photosynthetic efficiency:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetic_efficiency C3 carbon fixation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3_carbon_fixation C4 carbon fixation:http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4_carbon_fixation Summary table comparison: http://www.cropsreview.com/types-of- photosynthesis.html C3 C4 CAM Photosynthesis video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yg_pdXzWXVA

Carbon negative fuel cycle: Biochar and biofuels

Soil Enhancement

3 Core Technologies:

CARBON NEGATIVE BENEFITS: - Sequester CO2 - create Biofuels

Other resources: Organizations / web pages International Biochar Initiative http://www.biochar-international.org/ Climate change threatens nation’s agriculture: Dark clouds cast gloom over future domestic food production as global temperatures rise: http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2016/08/06/environment/climate-change- threatens-nations-agriculture/#.V_-Am-ArK03 Ithaka institute for carbon intelligence: http://www.ithaka-institut.org/en/ Does Biochar Deliver Carbon-Negative Energy? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pX3zhZ6ETWI

Facebook: International Biochar Initiative: https://www.facebook.com/International- Biochar-Initiative-151512738198724/ BioChar Will Change The World! https://www.facebook.com/groups/49204917708/members/ google TED TALKs BY: LOPA BRUJNES Robert Lerner Josiah Hunt Lists: various – maybe I’ll update later; google in meantime

Acknowledgement: Ron Larson, Ph.D. A note from Ron Larson: http://denverclimatestudygroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/email-fromRonLarsonbiocharexpert-1.pdf Is it Gloom and Doom? NO! IT’S A CHALLENGE, and humanity has always been challenged and we are an adaptable species that has met the challenge over and over again! http://denverclimatestudygroup.com/ and on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/denverclimatestudygroup/ pebelanger@glassdesignresources.com