The Importance of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)

The Importance of Being Earnest Written in 1895 A Comedy in 3 Acts Is a satire Immediate hit when first performed Criticizes Victorian moral and social values Bridges Victorian period/literature with Modern Uses wit, puns, exaggeration, and wordplay to create humor

Main Characters John Worthing, aka “Jack”, aka “Earnest” Algernon Montcrief, Jack’s friend Lane, the butler for Algernon Rev. Chausible, the preacher in the country Lady Bracknell, mother of Gwendolyn Gwendolyn, wants to marry a man named “Earnest” Cecily, Jack’s ward Miss Prism, Cecily’s governess

Settings Time: Around 1890 Place(s): London (“the City”) Jack’s House in the Country (a very large estate) The village church

Settings Jack’s Country House

Settings Jack’s Drawing Room

Settings Lady Bracknell’s mansion in London

Victorian Period Named for Queen Victoria of England Was Queen from 1837-1901 Followed the reign of “Mad” King George The culture was very moral and serious Women were expected to be the “angel in the house” - to take care of their husband and family

Queen Victoria Became Queen as a young girl Married Albert, Prince Consort and adored him After he died, she wore black for the rest of her life Had 9 children Created a culture that valued family and stability

Victorian Period Manners were supremely important English society was divided into classes The Upper-class was well-educated, came from a rich and respected family (“old money”), and having good manners mattered more than anything else Considered bad manners to flaunt wealth

Victorian Period Young women were always chaperoned until they were married Women’s clothing covered them from neck to ankle; clothes had to be modest In the upper classes, people with a bad reputation were outcasts no matter how much money they had Good manners were extremely important

Victorian Fashion For the Gentlemen

Victorian Fashion For the Ladies

Victorian Period People did not just “drop in” to visit - they made formal appointments Refreshments were expected when visitors came to “call” (visit) - usually tea and cake or tiny, elegant cucumber sandwiches Men were expected to be well-educated Women were expected to marry well

Oscar Wilde - Author Born in Ireland; lived in England and abroad Attended Trinity College in Ireland and Oxford University in England Very witty and funny Believed in the value of “art for art’s sake” - art (literature) should not be concerned with political issues Wrote several plays, but only one novel Novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray

Oscar Wilde With other writers and artists, rebelled against the prim, moral, religious culture of Victorian England Was known to be wild, flamboyant, witty Although homosexual, married and had children Being homosexual was illegal, and he served time in prison for it

Oscar Wilde Handsome Loved clothes Could be quite dramatic Completely unique

Oscar Wilde Came from upper-class family Brilliant writer Loved to shock people “Bad Boy” of his time - The ‘Lil Wayne’ of his day (but well-educated)

Oscar Wilde Never allowed to see his family again Spent the remainder of his life in Paris Died alone and poor in Paris

Literary Vocabulary Comedy - light-hearted literature with humor and a happy ending Satire - literary writing that makes fun of or criticizes the faults of people or groups. Purpose is to point out flaws Wit - using words to be clever and funny with language Pun - a play on words

Literary Vocabulary Protagonist - the main character Foil - the character who contrasts the main character (the foil “reflects” the traits of the main character) Blocking figure - A character, often old and cranky, who interferes with the romantic desires or the other main characters and provides comic action

Literary Vocabulary Motif - a recurring character or element repeated in a literary work. Food is a motif in The Importance of Being Earnest Protagonist - the main character

The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde created many amusing quotes

Oscar Wilde Quotes “I always pass on good advice. It is the only thing to do with it. It is never of any use to oneself. “ “I can resist everything except temptation. “

Oscar Wilde Quotes “I never travel without my diary. One should always have something sensational to read in the train. “ “To lose one parent may be regarded as a misfortune; to lose both looks like carelessness.”

The Importance of Being Earnest Even though this play was written more than 100 years ago, it continues to be very popular More than one movie has been made of this play, the most recent in the past 5-10 years This play is currently being performed on Broadway in New York City (through June)

Importance of Being Earnest The title of the play is a pun. To be “earnest” means to be serious, and the main character (John/Jack) uses the name “Earnest” when he is in the city “Bunburying” is using an alias to “get away with” avoiding social obligatioins

Importance of Being Earnest What have you learned so far? Know the characters, the setting, the plot Know the basic facts about the author Know the basic facts of Victorian England Know the literary vocabulary required Understand that this play is a comedy

Dramatic vocab with plot terms Vocabulary and Plot Dramatic vocab with plot terms

Plot Climax Turning Falling Point Action Rising Action Dénouement/ Resolution Exposition

Plot Outline for Literature Exposition: a description of the setting (time and place), the main characters and their relationships to each other, and an explanation of what is happening at the beginning of the story. Rising Action:the first moment in the story when you begin to see that there is going to be a problem.

Plot Outline for Literature Turning Point and Climax: circumstances change (for the better or worse) for the protagonist. Falling Action: the conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist unravels, with the protagonist winning or losing against the antagonist.

Plot Structure in Literature Dénouement: Describe what happens right after the climax, as the conflict is being worked out. This word literally means "unknotting.“ Resolution: How the play ends.

Dramatic Definitions Monologue: when one character speaks at length to another character Soliloquy: a character speaking his thoughts out loud for the audience to hear. The lines can be directed either to the audience, or, more often, the character is just speaking to himself

Dramatic Definitions Dialogue: the lines spoken by the actors; in the script, preceded by the name of the character that is to speak the words Aside: lines said by a character while other characters are on stage intended to share private thoughts; the information in an aside is not heard by the other characters on stage Dramatic Irony: when the audience knows something that one or more characters are unaware.

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