Warm up- Spiral Review What caused a swing of momentum in favor of the Patriots in the war? DBQ Sheet

The American Revolution: 1776-1783 4-9 The War Moves South

War in the West Some natives fought w/ Colonials, most sided w/ Brits Saw them as less of a threat than colonists Colonist were to eager to spread into native land West of the App. Mts. Brits & natives Lead brutal attacks on the colonists Henry Hamilton controlled Fort Detroit Main British base in the west Called Hamilton the “hair buyer” He paid natives for scalps of colonists

Glory at Sea Pirates or Privateers ? While fighting on land con’t, battle @ sea raged too Brit Navy patrolled American harbors Kept Patriot ships, & their allies too from entering harbors British blockade prevented supplies & reinforcements from Continentals To break blockade… Congress orders 13 ships made Only 2 hit sea B4 end of war Other ships captured or destroyed Brits make short work of new “navy” Too weak to be effective, need help fast!!! Congress hires 2,000 Privateers, private- owned merchant ships w/ guns to attack Brits Basically, paid pirates Do very well !!! Pirates or Privateers ?

“I have not yet begun to fight!” John Paul Jones “I have not yet begun to fight!” Daring, young navel officer 1777- Begins raiding British ports Sailed in old French ship gotten 4 him by Ben Franklin Named it after Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac Bonhomme Richard (Good Richard) Sept. 1779- sails near coast of Britain! British fleet sees him Warship Serapis attacks 2 fight for 3+ hours!!! Bonhomme Richard so badly damaged that Serapis asks if wants to surrender “I have not yet begun to fight!” he replies In end, Serapis surrenders but… Bonhomme Richard sinks soon after Victory makes him a navel hero Liberty’s Kids Bonhomme Richard (11:00-21:36)

Struggles in the South In early years, colonists won many battles in south Crushed Loyalist militia at Battle of Moore’s Creek (Wilmington) Saved Charles Town too But Brits realized underestimated Americans Changed their strategy Hard-hitting offensive Concentrated their efforts in south More loyalist support Major cities were port cities Use British navy to assist Strategy works! Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge-2012 FL Documentary Contest Winner (9:56)

Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis British Victories Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis Late 1778- British Gen. in Command Henry Clinton sends 3,500 redcoats to take Savannah, GA Brits take city, & most of state 1780- Clinton himself heads south Attacks Charles Town, SC Surrender in May Take 1,000’s of prisoners! WORST DEFEAT of war for Patriots Clinton heads back to NY Leaves Gen. Lord Cornwallis in command of war in south Continentals send Gates’ army to take him on 1780- Met at Camden, SC Easily defeats Gen. Gates who flees The Patriot- Battle of Camden (2:42)

Guerrilla Warfare New style of warfare overtakes countryside Colonial militia appeared suddenly, struck, then disappeared Called… Guerrilla Warfare, hit-&-run technique Catches Brits off-guard Leader of these Patriot guerillas, Francis Marion Operated out of the swamps of SC Known as the “Swamp Fox” Quick & extremely smart Basis of main character in The Patriot The Patriot- Guerrilla Tactics (1:36)

Patriot Victories in the Carolinas After Cornwallis’ victory over Gates @ Camden, SC Move north through NC Sept. 1780- @ Battle of King’s Mountain Brit officer & 1,000 Loyalists try to defend it Patriots attack Force British retreat out of NC backcountry Victory brings new support for Colonials Oct. 1780- Gen. Gates is replaced by Nathaniel Greene Splits Continental army of South in 2 Jan 1781- Colonials under Gen. Daniel Morgan defeat Brits @ Battle of Cowpens, SC Reunite March 1781- to take on Cornwallis at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse Present-day Greensboro, NC Colonials forced to retreat, but… Losses so severe for Brits, Cornwallis forced to leave the Carolinas DisEd Rebel Victory @ King’s Mt. (4:03) DisEd Cowpens: Decisive Defeat (3:53) DisEd Guilford Courthouse (4:07)

British Retreat April 1781- Cornwallis marches north to VA Raids throughout the state Nearly captures VA Governor Thomas Jefferson! Jefferson flees on horseback just ahead of Redcoats Washington sends Lafayette south to take on Cornwallis Cornwallis sets up camp @ Yorktown Awaiting orders from Clinton in NY War in south about to come to bloody end! Cornwallis Surrounded

Exit Ticket: Essential Question The battles in NC and in the south had what effect on the British army?