Introduction to Electricity

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Electricity Textbook:15.1 - 15.4, 16.1 - 16.3 Homework: WS

Electric Charge 1700s: Benjamin Franklin (American) discovered that there are two types of charges; he gave them the names positive and negative. Law of Charges: Opposite charges attract. Like charges repel. Charged objects attract neutral objects. Charging an Object: Charging by Friction Charging by Contact Charging by Induction Charging by Friction (Demo) - Some objects hold on to charges better than others (the electrostatic series) - Ex. - Diagram of Charging by Friction - Diagram of Attraction of Neutral Objects Charging by Contact (Demo) - Diagram of Charging by Contract Charging by Induction (Demo) - Diragram of Charging by Induction

Ground: neutralize a charged object by connecting it to the ground

1800s: Charles A. de Coulomb (French) found the magnitude of the force between two charged objects 1900s: Robert A. Millikan (American) performed “Oil Drop Experiment” & found the magnitude of the elementary charge (e) q = Ne q = amount of charge [C] N = # of electrons lost (+ve) or gained (-ve) e = 1.60 x 10-19 C 1 C = 6.25 x 1018 electrons ~ 1 mol = 6.02 x 1023 molecules

Electric Current 1800s: André Marie Ampère (French) quantified the electric current I (in ampere) through a wire is the total charge Q (in coulombs) flowing through the area A in a time t (in seconds)

The Direction of Electric Current Conventional current or electric current: was defined as positive charges (protons) moving from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the source Electron flow: was defined as a flow of negatively charged electrons from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of the source

Alternating current (AC) Direct current (DC) is in a fixed single direction doesn’t increase or decrease in magnitude i.e. batteries, adapters Alternating current (AC) Periodically reverses direction in the circuit the amount of current varies continuously i.e. a wall socket Current is measured using an Ammeter

A metal-leaf electroscope with 1 A metal-leaf electroscope with 1.25 × 1010 excess positive charges is grounded and discharges completely in 0.50 s. Calculate the average current in the grounding wire. 4.0 × 10^–9 A