T/W, 9/23-24 The multiple-choice section of your test is graded. I will show that to you during class. The grade I show you is a minimum grade & could be up to 18 points higher.The FRQs will take longer. You will see your test early next week. Retests for people who earned a 69 or below will probably be next Wed. and Thurs. afternoons, 10/1 & 10/2; stay tuned. Notebook test: B DAY Fri., 9/26; A DAY Mon., 9/29 Please get out your openers notebook, your textbook, a clean sheet of loose leaf notebook paper, a blue or black pen (not a pencil, which is not a pen), and a light & dark map pencil of the same color (i.e. a light green and a dark green). Write your heading consisting of your first and last name and class period in the top right hand corner. The title of the paper is Population Concentrations & Density. Open your notebook & set up #6: World of Seven Billion (title). © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

#6: World of Seven Billion Watch the videos found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc4HxPxNrZ0&index=1&list=PLYtJBnR-6d3QcLo9va7mzn1LxdR6FaQPh https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B2xOvKFFz4&index=2&list=PLYtJBnR-6d3QcLo9va7mzn1LxdR6FaQPh and take notes. These are NOT part of the notebook, but you will use them to complete the opener. At the end, use your notes to write a paragraph in response/reaction to the videos. What did you find interesting? What surprised you? What questions do you have, or what would you like to know more about? © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

INTRO. TO POPULATION & HEALTH The scientific study of population characteristics is called demography. Demographers examine how people are distributed spatially according to these characteristics: age, sex, occupation, fertility, life expectancy, and so on. Studying population is critically important for three reasons: 1. More than 7 billion people are currently alive; this is more than at any other time in Earth’s long history. 2. The world’s population increased in the second half of the 1900s at a faster rate than at any other time in history. 3. Virtually all population growth is concentrated in developing countries. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Key Issues Ch. 2 Population Where is the world population distributed? Why is global population increasing? Why does population growth vary among regions? Why do some regions face health threats? TODAY, we’ll examine key issue 1: where is the world’s population distributed?

Learning Outcomes 2.1.1: Describe regions where population is clustered and where it is sparse. 2.1.2: Define three types of density used in population geography. DOL: Given four multiple-choice questions, students will answer them correctly with 100% accuracy. Write answers to the following questions on looseleaf notebook paper. Be sure to do all writing on the maps in blue or black ink.

CARTOGRAM: WORLD POPULATION (pg. 45) FIGURE 2-2 POPULATION CARTOGRAM In a cartogram, countries are displayed by size of population rather than land area. Examine the cartogram. What are the 2 largest countries in the world in terms of total population? The Ebola virus first appeared in Nigeria in July. Why are public health experts so worried about an increased infection rate due to the virus’s appearance in this particular country?

Where Is the World’s Population Distributed? Population Concentrations 2/3 of the world’s inhabitants are clustered in four regions. East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia Europe Site and Situation of Population Clusters Low-lying areas with fertile soil and temperate climate Near an ocean or near a river with easy access to an ocean

POPULATION CLUSTERS (pg. 46) FIGURE 2-3 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION People are not distributed uniformly across Earth’s surface. 3. What 4 regions of the world are most densely populated? ACTIVITY: On one side of your world map, use a dark color to shade the four world population clusters (see pg. 46). Title your map, and create a legend. Use blue or black ink to do all writing & colored pencil to do all shading.

POPULATION CLUSTERS pg. 46 4-7. Use physical and climate maps of Asia and Europe in the world atlas to make a list of two physical features for each population cluster that make the region densely populated. At least one for each should be the proper name of a specific physical (land or water) feature. ex. Eastern North America (not one of the four, but largest in Western hemisphere) a. plains b. Atlantic coast (proper name) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where Is the World’s Population Distributed? Sparsely Populated Regions Humans avoid clustering in certain physical environments. Dry Lands Wet Lands Cold Lands High Lands Places considered too harsh for occupancy have diminished over time. Places of permanent human settlement are termed the ecumene. Humans tend to avoid places that are unaccommodating for activities, such as agriculture. Among these are places with too much or too little available water, places with exceedingly hot or cold temperatures, and places that have too steep of slopes to plant crops.

SPARSELY POPULATED pg. 46 FIGURE 2-3 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION People are not distributed uniformly across Earth’s surface. ACTIVITY: On the other side of your world map, use a light shade of the same color that you used on your population cluster map to shade the sparsely populated areas on each continent except Antarctica. Then use climate, precipitation, & physical maps in the atlas to determine whether the sparsely populated areas are too dry, too wet, too cold, or too high to support dense human settlement, and write those words on the map. Title your map, and create a legend. Use blue or black ink to do all writing & colored pencil to do all shading.

8. What technological & other advances have enabled the ecumene to grow over the past 7000 years? FIGURE 2-4 ECUMENE Seven thousand years ago humans occupied only a small percentage of Earth’s land area, primarily in Southwest Asia, Eastern Europe, and East Asia. Even 500 years ago much of North America and Asia lay outside the ecumene. Still, approximately three-fourths of the world’s population live on only 5 percent of Earth’s surface. The balance of Earth’s surface consists of oceans (about 71 percent) and less intensively inhabited land.

Where Is the World’s Population Distributed? Population Density Density can be computed in up to three ways for a place. Physiological density provides insights into the relation between the size of a population and the availability of resources in a region. Developed countries have lower agricultural densities, because technology and finance allow a few people to farm extensive land areas and feed many people.

ARITHMETIC DENSITY (pg. 48) Total number of objects in an area Computation: Divide the population by the land area FIGURE 2-5 ARITHMETIC DENSITY Geographers rely on the arithmetic density to compare conditions in different countries because the two pieces of information–total population and total land area–are easy to obtain. The highest arithmetic densities are found in Asia, Europe, and Central America. The lowest are in North and South America and South Pacific. 9. Name a country other than the US that has a very low arithmetic density. 10. Explain why India’s arithmetic density is higher than China’s even though China has a larger total population (1.3 b) than India (1.2 b).

PHYSIOLOGICAL DENSITY (top, pg. 49) Number of people supported by a unit area of arable land Computation: Divide the population by the arable land area Comparing arithmetic & physiological densities helps geographers to understand whether a nation is able to provide enough food for its population. FIGURE 2-6 PHYSIOLOGICAL DENSITY Physiological density provides insights into the relationship between the size of a population and the availability of resources in a region. The relatively large physiological densities of Egypt and the Netherlands demonstrates that crops grown on a hectare of land in these two countries must feed far more people than in the United States or Canada, which have much lower physiological densities. The highest physiological densities are found in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. The lowest are in North America, Europe, and South Pacific. 11. Use the atlas & this map to name a country other than Egypt that has a high physiological density.

AGRICULTURAL DENSITY (pg. 49) Ratio of the number of farmers to amount of arable land Computation: Divide the population of farmers by the arable land area This gives us an idea of how economically developed a country is. Developed countries have lower agricultural densities because technology & finance allow a few people to farm extensive land areas & feed many people. FIGURE 2-7 AGRICULTURAL DENSITY The highest agricultural densities are found in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The lowest are in North America, Europe, and South Pacific. 12. Use an atlas & a comparison of Fig. 2-6 to Fig. 2-7 on pg. 49 to name a country other than Egypt that has high physiological & agricultural densities.