Seven Nutrients

Words to Know! NUTRITION - is the science that studies how body makes use of food. DIET - is everything you eat and drink. NUTRIENTS - are the substances in food.

The Process of Satisfying Hunger You need energy You feel hungry You eat to get rid of hunger You feel satisfied You need more energy The cycle repeats again

What Food Does for You It provides energy for daily activity It gives you raw material Eating is an enjoyable activity

Seven Nutrients Carbohydrates Protein Fat Fiber Minerals Vitamins Water

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy. Released in cellular respiration. Sources of Carbohydrates: - Whole wheat breads - Rice - Pasta - Potatoes - Sweets

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Types of Carbohydrates The simplest type of carbohydrate is a simple sugar called a _monosaccharide . Examples: glucose and fructose_ Two monosaccharide molecules can combine to form a _disaccharide a 2-sugar carbohydrate. Example: __sucrose_ (table sugar), maltose (malt for shakes) The largest carbohydrate molecules are _polysaccharides_, polymers composed of many monosaccharide subunits. Examples: stored in starch cell wall Cellulose cell wall Glycogen liver Cellulose

Protein Protein is essential for body growth and repair of body cells. Sources of Protein: Meats Eggs Fish Nuts Beans Some soluable in water, some not

Protein Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfer Many amino acids hooked in a chain 20 different Amino acids Produce enzymes, antibodies, haemoglobin and other chemicals in the body

Fats Fats are another source of energy. Stored in the cells of mammals. It also protects against temperature changes. Sources of Fat: Butter - Cheese Eggs - Meat

Twice as much energy as carbs, extra fat is stored in the body Fat Fats Twice as much energy as carbs, extra fat is stored in the body

Fats Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Solid room temp Example: Butter Liquid at room temp Example: vegetable oil

Fiber Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that the body can't digest. Influences ALL stages of digestion Sources: All-natural cereals Whole-grain breads Beans Fruits Vegetables Nuts **ONLY PLANTS PRODUCE FIBER!!!

Fiber

Vitamins Vitamins help regulate body functions. Sources of Vitamins: Fruits Vegetables Whole grain breads

Vitamins

Minerals Minerals help your body work properly. Sources of Minerals: Milk Meats Whole grain cereal

Minerals

Water Water is essential to our body because it carries nutrients. Sources of Water: Juices - Oranges Milk - water melon

How Much Should You Eat? It depends on three factors: Gender Activity level Age

What if I don’t get enough… Vitamin C Anemia Bleeding gums; Gingivitis Decreased ability to fight infection; wound-healing rate Dry and splitting hair Easy bruising Nosebleeds Possible weight gain because of slowed metabolism Rough, dry, scaly skin Swollen and painful joints Weakened tooth enamel SEVERE deficiency can lead to scurvy causes general weakness, anemia, gum disease, and skin hemorrhages.

What if I don’t get enough… Vitamin D Severe deficiency can lead to Ricket’s which can cause softening and weakening of the bones Bone pain/tenderness Dental deformities Impaired growth Increased bone fractures Muscle cramps Short stature (adults less than 5 feet tall) Skeletal deformities

What if I don’t get enough… Calcium Can weaken bones, causing them to become brittle Osteoporosis thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time. Symptoms don’t appear until LATE in disease!! Bone pain or tenderness Fractures with little or no trauma Loss of height (as much as 6 inches) over time Low back pain due to fractures of the spinal bones Neck pain due to fractures of the spinal bones Stooped posture or kyphosis, also called a "dowager's hump"

What if I don’t get enough… Iron most common nutritional deficiency and the leading cause of anemia in the United States Symptoms Feeling tired and weak Decreased work and school performance Slow cognitive and social development during childhood Difficulty maintaining body temperature Decreased immune function, which increases susceptibility to infection Glossitis (an inflamed tongue)