Warm up Electoral College Ratification Federalists Antifederalists The Federalists Papers Publius Valerius Publicola Bill of Rights Veto

Today Constitution- Review Federalists vs Anti-Federalists

Parts of the Constitution Preamble: Introduction Authority of government comes from the people ~To Form A More Perfect Union ~To Establish Justice ~To Insure Domestic Tranquility ~To Provide For The Common Defense ~To Promote The General Welfare ~To Secure The Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves And Our Posterity

7 Articles of Constitution Article I L = Legislative Article II E = Executive Article III J = Judicial Article IV S = States Article V A = Amendments Article VI S = Supremacy Clause Article VII R = Ratification

Article I: Creates Legislative branch Creates Congress HoR: Representation by population Senate: 2 Senators from each state Makes the Laws HoR- 435 Senate- 100

Article II: Creates Executive branch Establishes how President is elected And how they are removed from office Powers & duties of the President Enforce and administrate laws of the country.

Article III Creates Judicial branch Establishes the Supreme Court, other Federal Courts Lists powers of the courts and cases they can hear Allows Congress to create lower courts (Judiciary Act)

Legislative Branch: makes laws Executive Branch: executes & enforces laws Judicial Branch: interprets laws and the Constitution

Article IV Relations amongst the State & federal govt Article V Amendment Process How the Constitution can be amended or changed. Article VI National Supremacy All laws, treaties made and passed by Congress or within the Constitution shall be “SUPREME LAW of Land.” Article VII Ratification The Constitution of the US shall go into effect after 9 out of the 13 states Ratified it.

Federalists and Anti-Federalists Federalists: wanted a strong central govt and supported the new Constitution Anti-Federalists: wanted weak central govt, strong states and opposed the new Constitution Federalists: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, tended to be wealthy and well educated Anti-Federalists: John Hancock, George Mason, George Clinton, tended to be farmers

Federalists: strong govt was needed to maintain order and protect private property Anti-Federalists: weak government was needed to avoid the kind of violation of rights experienced under British rule

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Supporters of Constitution Bankers and Merchants Wanted a strong national government and a strong executive branch Wrote “Federalists Papers” to convince people to support the new constitution Most of these papers were written by Alexander Hamilton. Opposed the Constitution Farmers, rural people Wanted strong state governments and a weaker national government Insisted on a Bill of Rights to protect the people’s right against the federal government

Why were the Federalists successful? The Federalist Papers: series of persuasive essays in favor of the new Constitution written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay Federalists were wealthy and well organized Ant-Federalists were poorly organized and didn’t offer a method of correcting the problems found in AOC Federalists won the necessary nine states for ratification June 1788 to convince people to support the new constitution

What did Federalists have to promise to provide Anti- Federalists in order to get the Constitution ratified? A Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments to the Constitution) The first Congress submitted the first ten amendments to the states for ratification in 1789; ratified in 1791 Listed things that the federal government could not do

Amendment 1: protects the rights of freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly & petition Amendment 2: protects the right to bear arms Amendment 3: the people cannot be required to quarter troops during peace time Amendment 4: protection from illegal search & seizure Amendment 5: protects the rights of people accused of crimes Amendment 6: protects the right to a speedy trial Amendment 7: protects the right to trial by jury in civil cases Amendment 8: protection against cruel & unusual punishment Amendment 9: people have more rights than those listed in the Bill of Rights Amendment 10: the federal government has only the powers listed in the Constitution; all other powers belong to the states

Amending the Constitution Federal Govt: Proposal: 2/3 of both the House of Representatives and Senate must approve Ratification: ¾ of the 50 state legislatures must approve State Govt: Proposal: 2/3 of the 50 state legislatures must agree Ratification: ¾ of the 50 states must approve by ratifying convention Allows the Constitution to be revised to adapt to change)

George Washington Sets examples for every president after him Created a cabinet that acted as the head of the newly created executive departments Jefferson: Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury Henry Knox: Secretary of War Edmund Randolph: Attorney General Established the President as the head of foreign affairs Established the President’s influence over congress group of advisors & assistants. Set a precedent (example) by serving only two terms as president

Interpreting the Constitution Constitution was designed to be a very general document that can be changed as times change The Necessary and Proper Clause “implied powers” Powers not listed in the Constitution, but are needed to run the country. Ex. Regulating the internet

Principles of the Constitution Popular Sovereignty Citizens decide who will represent them in government Rule by the people Rule of Law Laws apply to everyone equally, even to members of the government Separation of Powers Division of power so that no part can become too powerful Three branches of government Checks and Balances Limits the powers of the three branches by having each “check” the other Federalism Sharing of power between the State and Federal government