Chapter 14 – Andrew Jackson and the Growth of American Democracy

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 14 – Andrew Jackson and the Growth of American Democracy How well did President Andrew Jackson promote democracy?

John Quincy Adams 1825-1829 VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qnVpC4zXpM

Preview George Washington Andrew Jackson

14.2 – The Inauguration of Andrew Jackson More than 10,000 people from every state came to witness the inauguration of their hero: Andrew Jackson “I have never seen such a crowd here before… Persons have come 500 miles to see General Jackson, and they really seem to think the country has been rescued from some…disaster.” ~ Senator Webster

Most of the people who went were first time voters Before 1820, only the rich and well-born could vote A.k.a. white men with property The new states in the west challenged this, and gave all “men” the right to vote This did not include Native Americans, African Americans, or women

These new voters DID believe they had rescued the country They believed the corrupt “monied interests” had taken over the government Jackson promised to return the government to “the people” People in the West, as well as farmers, shopkeepers, and small business owners supported him

Andrew Jackson 1829-1837 VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYh7pato4uE

14.3 – From the Frontier to the White House Jackson was born in 1767 At the age of 13, he joined the local militia and entered the American Revolution He was captured and cut by a sword – receiving a sword cut to the hand that he would carry the rest of his life

The Frontier Lawyer In 1788, Jackson went to Nashville, TN to practice law He was successful, and bought land and slaves to become a gentleman planter He never outgrew his temper

Duels of Andrew Jackson VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuWrR-sQ2Ns

The People’s Choice Jackson entered politics, but only became know after The Battle of New Orleans In 1824, he was one of three candidates He won the popular votes He won the most electoral votes, but not enough for the majority It was up to the House to choose the winner

Henry Clay urged his supporters to back Adams (the incumbent) Jackson’s supporters built a political organization The Democratic Party – promised to represent farmers, workers, and the poor They claimed the Republican Party only supported the rich and well-born The result was a victory for Jackson. It was also a victory for the idea that the people should control the government Jacksonian Democracy

14.4 – Jackson’s Approach to Governing Jackson governed the same way he led an army: Listened to others BUT did what HE thought was right

The Kitchen Cabinet Jackson did not rely on his cabinet for advice Instead he relied on his friends and political supporters Because they met with him in the White House kitchen, they were nicknamed the “kitchen cabinet” The rich and well-born were suspicious of the group because they were not seen as proper Jackson didn’t care, and continued leaning on these men for advice

The Spoils System Jackson replaced many civil servants with loyal Democrats These Republicans thought they were in lifetime positions Jackson disagreed

This was called spoils system From the idea that “to the victor belong to the spoils [prizes] of war” The number removed was exaggerated 919 people were removed, but that equals about 10% Many deserved to lose their jobs

http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson/videos/scandal-disrupts-jackson-cabinet

14.5 – The Nullification Crisis Jackson’s presidency threatened to break up the United States 1828 law on tariffs (taxes) on imports The goal was to increase manufacturing at home, and outsell foreign competitors Northern states favored it Southern states hated it

Why did the South hate it? Raised prices on factory goods Factories mostly in the North Discouraged trade w/ other countries (cotton sales) The tariff seemed to favor the north VP John C. Calhoun called the tariffs illegal Jackson understood the frustration, so in 1832, he lowered the tariffs Too little too late

South Carolina threatened to secede In their view, states’ rights meant the federal government couldn’t enforce tariff laws Jackson was… mad Threatened to “hang the first man of them I can get my hands on…” Forced the federal army to collect tariffs (if needed) Congress also passed a bill to lower tariffs again South Carolina backed down For now ;)

14.6 – Jackson Battles the Bank of the United States Jackson (champion of the people!) vs. the Bank He thought it benefited rich Eastern investors at the expense of the “little guy” (farmers & workers) He also distrusted the Bank’s president, Nicholas Biddle

The Bank was up for renewal in 1836 Jackson was forced to tackle it in 1832 thanks to Henry Clay Thought he’d lose votes, but the plan backfired Jackson vetoed the recharter bill Said the Bank was an unconstitutional monopoly to make the rich richer The people agreed & loved it Reelected by a HUGE majority

Jackson decided to “pull the plug” rather than let the Bank’s charter end In 1833, he had all federal deposits removed and put in state banks Business owners begged for Jackson to save the bank, but he refused

14.7 – Jackson’s Indian Policy Jackson had little sympathy for the Indians, and made it policy to remove them from the East by force They called him “Sharp Knife” Before him, the government created treaties between them and the Indians. In exchange for land, they were promised food, supplies, and money.

They were so named because they adopted white ways like The “Five Civilized Tribes” were the Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, & Seminole They were so named because they adopted white ways like Reading and writing Farming Creating a written language Publishing newspapers Modeling a constitution on the U.S. Constitution

Indian Removal Act This law allowed the president to make treaties to move Indians from the East to the Great Plains The Supreme Court ruled they shouldn’t be removed by force and they had a right to their lands Jackson disagreed Groups that refused to move, were tragically met with military force

VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LSkfmCj8Jg

The Trail of Tears There were protests, but the removals continued. This continued into the next president’s term (next slide) Four thousand died on marches to the West, a journey known as the “Trail of Tears” Some hid in the mountains or swamps, and maintain territory today Jackson was proud of “solving” the Indian problem for good, but it only increased the conflict (to be continued in Chapters 15-16)

Martin Van Buren 1837-1841 VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfRx6Xz0NBM

Crash Course VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beN4qE-e5O8

PROCESSING ASSIGNMENT Create a “hero’s plaque” for Jackson that highlights his positive contributions to American democracy. Include the following on your plaque: a sketch of Jackson two sentences stating why he should be praised two symbols that represent him as a hero On the opposite side, create a “wanted” poster that emphasizes his negative impact on American democracy. Include the following on your poster: two sentences stating why he should be criticized two symbols that represent him as a villain E.C. Write a paragraph that answers this question: How well did Andrew Jackson promote democracy?

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