TISSUES! Tissues – group of cells that carry out specialized activities Histology = study of tissues Pathologists – Study diseased tissue

Tissues tissue similar cells working together organ similar tissues that form one structure that works together

4 large groups of tissue types: epithelial connective muscular nervous

Four Main Types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Body surface, hollow organs, glands Connective Binds organs together; energy reserves Muscle Movement and force Nervous Stimulates nerve impulses

Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion Divisions: Coverings and Linings 2.Glands

EPITHELIAL Covers outer body Lines hollow organs & body cavities Covers glands

Shape & Layers of epithelial

Examples (Draw these!)

SIMPLE EPITHELIUM

Simple Squamous Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion in serous membranes Location: Kidneys Glomeruli (water, glucose, and wastes), Air Sac of Lungs (Gas Exchange), Heart and Blood Vessels (Nutrients & Medicine)

Simple Cuboidal Function: Secretion and Absorption Location: Kidney Tubules (Wastes), Ovary Surface (Ova)

Ciliated Simple Columnar Function: Moves fluids and particles along passageways Location: Found in respiratory tract (mucosal Movement), fallopian tubes (Ova movement), sinuses (Pathogen removal Runny Nose) Cilia

Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat Connective Tissue Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat

CONNECTIVE most abundant wide spaces between cells filled with matrix matrix can be liquid, semi-solid, or solid matrix contains elastic fibers & collagen

Connective Tissue

8 types of connective tissue: areolar (loose)- packing material; surrounds organs to prevent them from moving around adipose (loose) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-_0ol8jN0k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57g3dKzYMuU stores FAT; insulation; energy; cushion 

Areolar Connective Fibroblasts Elastin Collagen Provides strength, elasticity, and support to subcutaneous layer and pappilary regions of skin Consists of Collagen, Elastic, Reticular fibers

Adipose Tissue FAT Insulation Nucleus Fat Storage Blood Vessel Energy Reserves

Types of Connective Tissue fibrous- (dense) can withstand force tendons (attach m to b) & ligaments (attach b to b)

Dense Regular Tissue Dense, Closely packed collagen fibers that provide high tensile strength Strong attachment for Tendons (Muscle to Bone), Ligaments (Bone to Bone)

Types of Connective Tissue elastic- joins together 33 vertebrae to keep spine aligned

Elastic Tissue

Types of Connective Tissue cartilage- aka “gristle” covers ends of bones; shock absorbers; nose, ears, trachea, spine

Cartilage White Fibrocartilage Extremely tough Acts as a shock absorber, ball and socket joints Elastic Cartilage Abundance of elastin for stretching capability Nose, Ears, epiglottis, larynx

Types of Connective Tissue bone- “osseous tissue”; hard matrix blood- the only liquid tissue; 3 types of cells in liquid plasma

Provides for support, Movement-Marrow (blood-forming) BONE Calcium Haversian Canal Compact vs. Spongy Provides for support, Movement-Marrow (blood-forming)

Blood ALWAYS Red!!!!! Clotting (platelets) Immunity (WBC’s) Oxygen Transport Clotting (platelets) Immunity (WBC’s) Nutrient delivery ALWAYS Red!!!!!

Types of Connective Tissue reticular- scattered through body phagocytic (ingest bacteria/viruses)

Muscle Tissue Movement and force application

MUSCULAR = shortening & thicken to cause movement *purpose: contraction = shortening & thicken to cause movement work in antagonistic pairs (opposite) Biceps flexes arm Triceps extends arm

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Attached to bones by tendons Functions in body movements, posture, thermogenesis Only Muscle tissue controlled voluntarily

Smooth Muscle Tissue Forms walls of many internal organs ie: Stomach, GI tract, Uterus, Anus Functions in motion of internal organs

Cardiac Muscle Composes the heart wall Functions in pumping blood to all parts of the body Intercalated discs contain Gap Junctions (Communication) & Desmosomes (Anchor)

NERVOUS in brain, spinal cord, & nerves nerve cells = “neurons” respond to stimulus by transmitting electrical impulses

Nervous Tissue Axon Dendrite Nucleus Consists of Neuron and Neuroglia Neuron – Conversion from stimulus response to action potential (Sensory, Motor, Interneuron) Dendrites – Reacts to stimuli Axons – Conductor of impulse Axon Dendrite Nucleus Nervous Tissue

The End! Sad? Need a Tissue?