Mutations -Mutations are permanent changes in the sequence of DNA

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Mutations -Mutations are permanent changes in the sequence of DNA -Types: -incorrectly matched: A bonded to C rather than to T -Inserting, deleting, or substituting a base pair

Mutations -Mutations change the codons that are read by a ribosome -Mutations can improve the product coded by the gene, but usually do not.

Mutations -Mutations that occur in somatic, or non-reproductive, cells are often not detected because they cannot be passed on to offspring -They may cause cancer or other undesirable cellular changes.

Mutations -Mutations in the reproductive cells can produce functionally different proteins that cause genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs, sickle cell anemia, dwarfism, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Mutations -Causes of mutations include: -DNA damage from environmental agents such as ultraviolet light (sunshine), nuclear radiation or certain chemicals -Mistakes that occur when a cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.

Lost in Translation! Write down the original and new sequence of proteins with mutations. Original: AUG GUG AUA CUC UUU UAA Mutated: AUG GUG ACA CUC UUU UAA Original: AUG GGG AGA CGC UGU UGA Mutated: AUG GGG AGA CGC UGA UGC