Warm-up List 2 causes of exploration and 2 effects of exploration. After examining in previous units what makes a good prince (ideas of Machievelli) and what you know from history, tell me some qualities a king needs to possess to be a great king.

Age of Absolutism 1600-1700s Chpt 21 Sect 1-3

Absolutism Absolutist Policies King with total power. They possessed control over all aspects of society Absolutist Policies policies made without the consent of the governed, and are designed to maintain or centralize their power. Rule by this idea of Divine Right- the idea that god created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth.

What might have caused this era of very powerful kings? Religious and territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty The growth of armies to deal with conflicts caused rulers to raise taxes to pay troops. Heavy taxes led to additional unrest and peasant revolts.

Young Louis XIV Personal Qualities Became king at the age of 5 Over the course of his childhood, Louis XIV was primed as a leader, receiving a practical education rather than a scholarly one. 22 years old short- 5’5” wore high heeled shoes to increase height to seem imposing erect and dignified posture to look tall He began wearing a wig, and introduced the trend in men’s fashion Video

absolutist policies: weakens authority of nobles by excluding them from council (meetings) gives jobs to intendants – poorer people that depend on his money that will remain loyal (jobs like collecting taxes) Ended religious freedom issued by Edict of Nantes – Protestants prosecuted Heavy taxes w/o approval Wars to expand empire and increase wealth- goal was to make France self-sufficient large army to symbolize strength and put down internal and external opponents Encouraged people to migrate to Canada. Why? propoganda – patron of arts to glorify himself - preaches divine right - right to rule from God

“L’etat, c’est moi” “I am the state.” King Louis XIV – the “Sun King” Source of all political authority in France

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

Living Quarters Versailles

Palais de Versailles

Palais de Versailles 5,000 acres of gardens

The Orangery ….1,000 orange trees planted b/c Louis loved oranges

Hall of Mirrors

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Video

Louis and the Arts Versailles was the center of the arts during Louis’s reign He made ballet and opera more popular He even danced the title role in the ballet “The Sun King” No longer was the purpose of art to glorify God (middle ages), or human potential(Renaissance) but it was to glorify who….

In the early days of Versailles, fountain guards were ordered to whistle when Louis XIV approached, so that the fountains could be fully turned on. A hat and a sword could be hired at the front gate in order to be properly attired to visit the Grand Apartment. Monks were not allowed in.

Thefts were frequent at Versailles, despite the guards and staff. A secret passage ran from the queen's private cabinets to those of the king. It enabled Marie-Antoinette to escape revolutionary rioters in October 1789.

Louis’s Death and Legacy Louis’s last years were more sad than glorious. Realizing that his wars had ruined France, he regretted the suffering he had brought to his people. He died in bed in 1715. News of his death prompted rejoicing throughout France, they had had enough of their ‘sun king’. Unfortunately absolutism didn’t die with him.

Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) Personal Qualities European dress, like France He had the mind of a genius, the body of a giant (6 feet 5in tall) and the Temper of a bear. One of Russia’s greatest Reformers. He had a passion for ships And the seas. Video

Absolutist Policies

Grand Embassy One year after becoming sole ruler of Russia, Peter embarked on a long visit to Western Europe. He was fascinated by the modern tools and machines in the foreigners’ shops. One of his goals on this trip was to learn about European customs and manufacturing techniques. Never before had a Russian ruler done this.

Forced Westernization Peter believed the only way his people would be as successful as Europeans was to look, act and think like Europeans. Forced Russian nobility to adopt western (European) customs Western European clothing (short coats)— no caftan no beards – or taxed women ordered to attend parties

Absolutist policies Peter took control of Orthodox Church (doesn’t want to compete with church) Lessened power of nobles by giving government jobs to poor that would be loyal to him b/c depend on him for money Built large army to symbolize his power Heavy taxes w/o consent of anyone

Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War Most importantly, Peter wanted a warm water seaport to open up trade with the West. Russia went to war with Sweden to gain a piece of the Baltic coast line. After 21 years of war, Russia finally won that piece of land.

St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg

Peterhof “Russian Versailles” Living Quarters: Peterhof “Russian Versailles”

French-style interior

Peter Visits Versailles

Warm-up Brainteaser 2 Brainteasers 1 Use the clues to change one letter in each word to make a new word. If you do it correctly, the first word will the same as the last word. LAKE ________ not on time ________ despise ________ head coverings ________ punches ________ small pieces ________ do with your teeth ________ ride this ________ in the oven ________ body of water

In Japan… Civil War shattered Japan’s old feudal system The country collapsed into chaos Power shifted from the Shogun to territorial lords Shogun- Military leader (actual ruler) Samurai= Knights Daimyo= Lords Emperor becomes a figure head with no actual power

Oda Nobunaga Brutal and ambitious daimyo Comes in and defeats rivals and seizes the capital of Kyoto “Rule the empire by force” Not able to unify Japan, but kills many rival daimyo for control of Edo He committed seppuku, the ritual suicide of a Samurai

Tokugawa Ieyasu Loyal to friends, not well liked by most Personal Qualities Loyal to friends, not well liked by most Feared and respected

Absolutist Policies Unifies Japan Moves Capital to Edo Expanded territory and gained ¼ of all rice producing territory which made him rich Alternate Attendance Policy - Daimyo forced to live in capital Edo for part of year, and when left he had to leave his family behind as hostage. forced daimyo into labor Wanted to keep daimyo disorganized and weak

largest donjon (tower) in Japan Edo Castle largest donjon (tower) in Japan Daimyo were forced to help pay for this project All surrounding hills were leveled and the bay was filled in! Daimyo sent 3,000 ships for years to get enough large stone for Ieyasu

Persecution Ieyasu traded with Europeans, part of that included having Christian missionaries come over and spread Christianity Christians scorned native Japanese beliefs He bans Christianity and focuses on ridding the country of Christians He persecutes Christians

Isolationism Probably one of the most influential policies Tokugawa Ieyasu issued was Isolationism They sealed the borders and instituted a “closed country policy”

ConclusionSimilarities All rise to power after years of warfare (better to have strict dictator than chaos and war) Built strong armies All raise heavy taxes Expanded territory Created a strong centralized power Brought nobility under control Drew advisors from middle class Encouraged better manufacturing and trade Brought church under gov’t control Did not allow religious toleration

Warm-up During the Age of Absolutism, European monarchs tried to How did Oda Nobunaga lay the groundwork for the later Tokagawa rulers? What best describes the shoguns position in Japanese society? The Manchu haircut that Kangxi forced the Han Chinese to wear was known as the The policy that Peter the Great developed in Russia to make Russians act and dress more like Europeans was referred to as?