Reminders Unit 8 Exam- Tuesday, March, 21st Last day to turn in ANY Unit 7 Work- Tuesday, March, 21st Assignments completed for Unit 8: Word Wall Human Traits Incomplete Dominance Practice Dragon Babies Online Gel Electrophoresis Practice Reminders

Unit 8: Mendelian Genetics 8.5 Gel Electrophoresis and PRC

What are they? A method used to separate and analyze DNA, RNA and proteins based on their size and charge. Phosphate groups in DNA are negatively charged

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) A method of making many copies of a piece of DNA. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Steps in Copying DNA A DNA molecule is placed in a small test tube Enzymes and bases are added to the test tube. Steps in Copying DNA

Heat and cool the test tube multiple times to separate the strands of DNA and add bases to create two new strands of DNA The result: Large amounts of DNA can be made from a single starting sample Steps in Copying DNA

Copying DNA

Once we have copied the DNA, it goes through electrophoresis.

A technique used to separate DNA molecules based on size. Gel Electrophoresis

Gel is added to a container hooked up to an electric current generator. Samples of the DNA, RNA or Protein are added to the wells at one end of the gel. The electric current is turned on. Particles are pulled through the gel in ladders based on their charge. Smaller particles move farther than large particles and are found near the bottom. Negatively charged DNA moves toward the positive end. Dye is used to stain the material based on what you want to see. How does it work?

Results

Uses DNA Sequencing for crime labs Paternity Test Analyzing for Cloning Testing for genetic disorders Identifying Proteins Determining Species Conservation Biology-determine the kinship between breeding pairs DNA thought to be responsible for behavior Evolution-how closely related the DNA is, helps build possible family trees Uses