Final Exam Review Answer Key Part 2 Units 5, 6 and 7

Unit 5: Mitosis and Meiosis 1.

2. Steps of Meiosis

3. Compare/Contrast

4. Diploid vs Haploid

5. Crossing Over

6.

7. Genetic Continuity Organisms must replicate all chromosomes (every gene) each time they divide, thus new cells have all genetic material of the original cell. If this did not occur then cells dividing by mitosis would literally run out of chromosomes after only a few divisions and genetic continuity would be lost. Each cell must have all necessary DNA.

Unit 6 1. 1.

2.DNA Replication Cells must copy all of the DNA before cell division Enzymes- DNA Helicase-Unzips DNA DNA Polymerase-adds new nucleotides to growing DNA Strand

3. Transcription Transcription produces mRNA; this process occurs in the nucleus

4. Translation Translation produces proteins (amino acid chain) Translation occurs on Ribosomes

5. Types of RNA

6. DNA: CATGGACGC Transcribe to get mRNA: GUACCUGCG Translate mRNA to get amino acid sequence Valine-Proline-Alanine (Use wheel or chart)

Unit 7: DNA Technology 1. Mutagens: Radiation and Chemicals can cause mutations

2. Types of Mutations

3. Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering involves identifying certain genes and moving them from one organism to another – even to a different species or removing the gene entirely! Scientists engineered chickens to be featherless by REMOVING the gene in chicken DNA that causes them to grow feathers

4. Selective Breeding Selective Breeding involves choosing two organisms of the same species and mating them with the hope of getting the best qualities of each parent to show up in the offspring.

5. Gene Splicing

6. Gel Electrophoresis and DNA Fingerprinting