Weird Stuff https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WN_YQUiWtU Glowing Fish http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/research-innovations/photos/12-bizarre-examples-of-genetic-engineering/mad-science

Chapter 13 Biotechnology!

Biotechnology Biotechnology: using organisms or their components to perform practical tasks or provide useful products

Selective breeding Mating organisms to produce offspring with desired traits (has been around since ancient times) Inbreeding= mating between closely related individuals Hybrids– offspring of parents with different forms of traits. In plants, hybrids are often stronger or bigger. Read artificial selection article

Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering Recombinant DNA: DNA in which genes from 2 different sources are linked Genetic engineering: cutting out DNA from one organism and putting it into another. (i.e. how we make recombinant DNA) Transgenic organism= an organism with recombinant DNA ..\..\AP BIO\articles\genetic engineering and Weird combos of organisms!.doc C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\COURSES\LSSI Summer Institute Resources\LSSI Prog. Resources\GFP Mice

Genetic Engineering Steps Step 1: Isolate DNA from organisms Step 2: Use Restriction enzymes to cut up the DNA (restriction) They are very specific Restriction site: where the restriction enzyme cuts the DNA (a specific sequence) They are palindromes Sticky end: short single-stranded extensions of restriction fragments C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC

Step 3: Attach restriction fragments permanently DNA ligase: enzyme that can join the DNA fragments joins sugar to phosphate in backbone

Step 4: put the recombinant DNA into the cell Vector: Something that carries foreign DNA into a cell Ex. Bacterial plasmids, viruses

Bacterial plasmids in gene cloning

Gene Cloning Clone = genetically identical copy Gene cloning: Making more copies of a gene Bacterial plasmid with recombinant DNA reproduces as the bacteria reproduce. F:\Desktop\animations from bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter16/animations.html# https://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/20-mechanism-of-recombination.html

Animal Cloning Making a genetically identical copy of an animal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbZiOiPVG6c Somatic cell nuclear transfer http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/whatiscloning/ Animal Cloning Making a genetically identical copy of an animal ex. Dolly the sheep Remove Nucleus from an egg Fuse this unfertilized egg with a body cell or inject a body cell nucleus into the egg.

DNA Analysis & Genomics PCR (polymerase chain reaction) Gel electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting DNA sequencing Human genome project http://pix11.com/2015/01/12/wrongfully-convicted-man-spends-21-years-in-prison-dies-11-months-after-being-exonerated/ DNA Evidence

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Replication of any piece of DNA in a test tube (in vitro) Main Point: Makes many copies of DNA!! Materials in tube: primers (single-stranded DNA), DNA polymerase, nucleotides Heat and cool in thermal cycler Applications: fossils, forensics, prenatal diagnosis, etc. http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/pcr.html

DNA Analysis using Gel Electrophoresis Step1: Cut up DNA with Restriction Enzymes Step 2: Gel electrophoresis: separates DNA on the basis of size (smaller bands travel further) creating DNA bands of fragments of the same length Step 3: Look at your results on the gel. DNA Fingerprinting Animation http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/majorsbiology/gelelectrophoresis.html http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/animations.html http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/biotech/gel/ good gel electrophoresis virtual lab C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC

Knowledge Check! LANES 1 2 3 4 + - Injection wells Based on what you just learned, which lane contains the largest fragment of DNA? The shortest? DNA

Knowledge Check Use the DNA gel, and your knowledge of DNA fingerprint to analyze and determine which suspect’s DNA matches the DNA at the crime scene. DNA at crime scene Suspect 1 2 3 - +

DNA Analysis and Paternity Problem Look at the electrophoresis gel picture on the right  Two of the individuals are parents and one is their child. Answer the following: Which individual is the child? How many bands of DNA does the child share with the mother? The father? Explain why. Based off of the gel, what color are the mother’s eyes? Just kidding…

O.J. Simpson capital murder case,1/95-9/95 Odds of blood in Ford Bronco not being R. Goldman’s: 6.5 billion to 1 Odds of blood on socks in bedroom not being N. Brown-Simpson’s: 8.5 billion to 1 Odds of blood on glove not being from R. Goldman, N. Brown-Simpson, and O.J. Simpson: 21.5 billion to 1 Number of people on planet earth: 6.1 billion Odds of being struck by lightning in the U.S.: 2.8 million to 1 Odds of winning the Illinois Big Game lottery: 76 million to 1 Odds of getting killed driving to the gas station to buy a lottery ticket 4.5 million to 1 Odds of seeing 3 albino deer at the same time: 85 million to 1 Odds of having quintuplets: Odds of being struck by a meteorite: 10 trillion to 1

DNA Sequencing Reading the nitrogen bases (the letters) on DNA Genome: all of an organism’s genetic material. Human Genome Project Outcomes: Identification of genes involved in disease. Genetic testing improved. Greater understanding of genetics. Ethical issues with genetic testing etc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Fq2mOCTX6k Cracking your genetic code movie

Is Genetic Modification In Agriculture a Good Idea (Evaluate) Assignment: Make a pros and cons table as you watch the following videos: After finishing them all, write a paragraph with your perspective on the issue of genetic modification in agriculture. Be sure to justify your perspective with facts/evidence from the videos. Promotional view: http://coalitionforsafeaffordablefood.org/benefits-of-biotechnology/b Bill Nye Video (another perspective): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8z_CqyB1dQo Opposing View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1H9WZGKQeYg